4 year Apprenticeship Exam Flashcards by Ivan Arizaga

What does a decoupler used in a multivariable control system do?

Remove loop to loop interaction

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In a 2x2 multivariable system with controlled b1 and b2 and manipulated variables m1 and m2. with m2 constant a 10% change in m1 caused a 7% change in b1 and a 12% change in b2. with m1 constant a 1% change in m2 caused a -12% change in b1 and a 5% change in b2.Analysis of the OLM will show that?

The system has a positive open loop matrix

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Ratio control is define as?

One controlled variable controlled with a ratio to another measured variable.

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If 14mA is input a Ratio (r=0.5) is input will be?

9mA

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Feed Forward control is define as?

Information relating to one or more measured disturbances is fed into a controller to reverse the effects of the disturbances on the controlled variable

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Feed Forward control with feed trim is used because?

Model errors are responsible for causing deviation of the controller output from the controlled variable

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Feed Forward control uses what to help control loop?

Measures Disturbances

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A controller using split range control has a valve A open from 0-100% when the controller is outputting 0-50% 4-12mA and a valve B open from 0-100% when controller is outputting 12-20mA. What is the position of valve B if the controller is outputting 75%?

50%

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A problem with split range control is?

Only one set of tuning parameter is available

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Two characteristics used in Distillation control are?

Vaporization and Condensation

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Reflux Ratio is?

Reflux flow/distillate

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Flooded trays can be diagnose by?

High differential pressure and similar temperature between the trays

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Feed into the distillation column should enter…

where Feed composition closely matches tray composition

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in industrial type boiler has a sudden increase in steam demand will cause steam drum level to?

increase

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three measurements in boiler steam drum level control are?

drum level, Steam flow & Feed water flow

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the purpose of ensuring a boiler firing box is operated at negative pressure is?

to protect operators from being overcome from CO

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One consideration when operating a stack gas heat recovery system is you should….

Keep the temperature above the dew point of condensation

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How do you control load in a centrifugal compressor?

Using Differential pressure

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The purpose of a Thermocouple on discharge of a reciprocating compressor is….

To prevent equipment damage due to non-rod reversal

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How to control surge in a centrifugal compressor?

By adjusting recirculating bypass control valve

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What is a bypass valve used for in reciprocating compressor?

For load control

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How to prevent liquid spillover into a compressor?

High level dump with high shut down control

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What is not part of SIS?

Process HAZOP

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What is true of a SIS system?

Is not included in basic control system (BPCS)

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What SIL level is 10000 to 1000?

SIL3

Why would PST (Partial Stroke Test) be selected on a SIS control valve?

To verify the SIF

What is a baud?

Number of discrete signal changes per second

What is a characteristic of RS-232 protocol?

-3 to -25 v is a mark

What kind of access method is use by Modbus?

Master/Slave

A modem using digital modulation....

Receives a digital signal and outputs an analog signal

Digital data can be sent over a PSTN phone network using?

A modem that takes digital signal and converts it to analog signal

A Bell 202 modem use this on its main channel?

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

What topology does HART uses when using digital signal?

Multidrop Bus

How many characters per second are transmitted when a serial communication port has the following configuration 7,N, 1 2400 Baud?

266.7cps

What is not part of the EM spectrum?

Sound

What is a characteristic of UHF?

Uses line of sight

What kind of signal is represented?

AM (Amplitude Modulated)

What is the processor in SCADA RTU responsible for?

Process control

What equipment is found at a SCADA host site?

Printer

Which one of these needs SCADA?

Pipe line

Why do we need SCADA systems?

To connect remote processes with a great distance between them

Custody transfer when referring to a SCADA system represents what being traded?

A comodity

What is needed for a PLC to function?

Rack, Controller module, Power supply, I/O modules and Configuration software

What is the proper procedure for making changes to a PLC?

Upload program, Save old program, Make changes, Download changes

Where are configuration and control programs stored in case of power failure?

EEPROM

What would FBD be used for?

Analog controls

A process needing analog control and discrete control would use what languages?

Ladder/FBD

What language is the best for batch control?

Sequential Function Chart (SFC)

What is IEEE 61120 language?

Machine List

Two PLC'S are connected using RS-232, what topology is this?

Peer to Peer

What should be considered when updating a PLC software version?

Make sure software is compatible with Hardware

What FB value would be connected to the PV of this function block

The output of an analog input function block

What is the proper procedure to repair broken equipment?

Inform operations, Put loop in manual, Make repairs, Commission loop

When forcing Logic In PLC what precautions need to be taken?

Secure all processes and protect personnel

In the following structured text statement what will be used to finish the calculation

SUM:= 5.0 + VAR 2 AND 6

The following RTU needs to execute a Sequential function Chart program as follow..

Pick "A"

When installing several devices that are too far away from the PCL what must you also install?

Remote I/O

When there is a need to trend values, what components od a DCS needs to be added?

A data Historian

In order to make a DCS controller safe in case of fails, what could be done?

Install a Redundant Controller

Why do we use Redundancy in DCS sytems?

For better Reliability

What happens in a DCS with redundant controllers if main controller fails?

The second controller will take over automatically

Why do we use redundant cabling in DCS systems?

In case one cable breaks

What is a disadvantage of using the Auto tune feature in DCS system?

It will mask the errors in the control scheme

When using Trending in a DCS for loop tuning....

Data points need to be as close to real time as possible

What is NOT a good reason to upgrade software version of DCS systems?

To have a new version

Why do we have alarm Management software?

To prioritize Alarms

Priority of alarms from Most to Least critical

Gas Leak, Data communication broken, PV out of range

What are the main parts of a DCS system?

Control data base, HMI & Controller

Procedure for making changes to a DCS system?

Upload program, Download configuration changes, Verify changes

What access level must you have to make changes to a DCS configuration?

Administrator

What are the main components of a VSD?

Rectifier, Filter, Inverter

If a VSD has a 4-20mA input and s controlled from 1800-3600rpm, what will the speed be if the input is 8mA?

2250rmp

what is NOT a purpose of an HMI

i think is...Program and configure controller?

What type of program must be used to develop an HMI for use on a monitor?

Program OR Configuration software

How do you connect an HMI to a different manufacturers controller?

I/O servers

What is a pre-cut column use for?

To remove impurities before the main column

How is the concentration determined from a chromatogram?

Peak area

What will happen to IR analyzer detector as IR is passed through sample?

Temperature decrease from the sample absorbing IR

Describe function of Peltier cooling device?

Thermocouple attached to power supply

What is the differnce between a GC and an LC?

Mobile phase

Florescence is what kind of analysis?

Secondary emissions

NO + O3->NO2and infrared radiation is what kind of reaction?

Chemiluminescence

How to measure total oxides of Nitrogen?

Catalytic conversion of all NOx to NO

The chopper in an combined beam IR analyzer does what?

Alternates IR to the sample and references

What does a mass Spectrometer separates components in to and measures?

Ions according to their mass to charge ratio

Alberta workplace hazardous protection values for H2S and CO are only given in 1 and 24Hr exposure limits. Why?

These substance get oxidized into the atmosphere and convert to SO2 and CO2

What accuracy of analyzers must be used to monitor ambient concentrations of SO2, NO, H2S?

PPM and PPB detectors

When doing maintenance planning, what reduces downtime the most?

Preventive/Predictive

When stocking spare parts, what needs to be considered?

Critical nature of systems

What are KPI's used for?

To decrease downtime

In order to sign off on a specific task, what must the apprentice do?

take an exam and pass

Who makes the trade outline?

Provincial Apprenticeship Committee

What does the Red seal do?

Allows inter-provincial mobility