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Environmental Management > 4. Water and its management > Flashcards

4. Water and its management Flashcards

1
Q

How much of Earths surface is covered in water

A

75%

only 3% is fresh and possible usable by humans

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2
Q

The water cycle

A
  1. Evaporation
  2. Condensation
  3. Precipitation
  4. Transpiration
  5. Surface run-off
  6. Interception
  7. Infiltration
  8. Groundwater flow/through flow
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3
Q

Water cycle - Evaporation

A

liquid water turns into vapour

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4
Q

Water cycle - Condensation

A

water vapour turns into liquid water

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5
Q

Water cycle - Precipitation

A

liquid water/ice particles fall to Earth due to gravity

rain/snow/hail

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6
Q

Water cycle - Transpiration

A

the movement of water up plants and its loss as water vapour from the leaves

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7
Q

Water cycle - Surface run-off

A

water running over the ground into rivers

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8
Q

Water cycle - Interception

A

precipitation is stopped from reaching the ground by the presence of of trees/other plants

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9
Q

Water cycle - Infiltration

A

when water seeps into the ground

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10
Q

Water cycle - Groundwater flow

A

infiltrated water that flows through rocks

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11
Q

Water cycle - Through flow

A

infiltrated water that flows through soil

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12
Q

3 reasons why humans water

A
  • domestic purposes
  • industrial purposes
  • agricultural purposes
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13
Q

Main sources of fresh water for human use

A

Surface water - lakes, rivers, swamps
Groundwater - water in soil and rocks underground
Aquifer - water stored in porous rocks underground
Sea water - made potable by desalination (removal of salt)

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14
Q
  • Water from the sea *
A
  • distillation

- reverse osmosis

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15
Q
  • Availability of safe drinking water pg. 94
A
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16
Q

Purpose of a dam (benefits)

A
  • the provision of water
  • generation of electricity
  • flood control
  • irrigation
  • tourism
  • habitat for wetland species
17
Q

Disadvantages of dam projects

A
  • relocating people
  • flooding land
  • disrupts life cycles of fish/aquatic organisms
  • alters water supply for people downstream
  • reduces enrichment of soil downstream
18
Q

Where to build a dam

A

In a narrow river valley
A wider valley would be more costly
Needs to be quite high up to produce hydroelectric power
(The higher it is, the greater the pressure of the water, more potential energy)
Away from developed areas to avoid pollution

19
Q
  • Are dams sustainable?
A

pg. 96

20
Q
  • Cholera, typhoid
A

pg 96

21
Q
  • malaria
A

pg. 96 - 98

22
Q

How to avoid mosquito bites

A

(in countries where malaria mosquitos are active)

  • avoid being outside between dusk and dawn
  • wear clothing that covers most of your body
  • use insect repellent

Environmental Management (9 decks)

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