4 - Volcano Monitoring

Question 1

What are some methods of monitoring volcanic hazards?

Answer 1

Deformation(tiltmeters/GPS/surveying), ground vibration(earthquake & lahar sensors/thermal imaging/satellite/cameras), gas

Question 2

What are some types of monitoring?

Answer 2

Seismology(study of earthquakes & seismic waves that move through and around the Earth), geodesy(observing the surface e.g. tiltmeters, GPS etc), acoustics(using sound from mics to detect sound energy from volcanos), thermal monitoring, geomorphic/visual monitoring, multiparametic monitoring(using multiple of the methods above)

Question 3

What methods were used in Iceland?

Answer 3

Petrologic observations - these found that magma was reheated and remobilised 2/3 years before first eruptions in March 2021, seismic observations, photogrammetry etc