4 Valvular/Peripheral Disorders

Question 1

What are general symptoms of Cardiac Valcular Disease?

Answer 1

• Easy Fatigue
• Dyspnea
• Palpitations
• Murmur
• Chest Pain
• Putting Edema
• Orthopnea
• Dizziness

Question 2

What is congenital valvular disease?

Answer 2

• Genetic
  
  • down syndrome
• Maternal Exposure
  
  • development in fetus

Question 3

What is acuired valvular disease?

Answer 3

• Rheumatic Fever
• Endocarditis
• Gradual Fibrosis

Question 4

What is Mitral Stenosis? Main Cause?

Answer 4

• Valve leaflets dont open easily or completely
  
  • decreasees area and increases reistance to flow between A-V (losing output in L ventricle because lose preload from atrial kick) - narrowing
• Main Cause: Rheumatic heart disease - Autoimmue disorder that affects the valves
• More common in females

Question 5

What occurs during Mitral Stenosis?

Answer 5

• Pressure Overload
  
  • LA hypertrophy, Limited LV filling
    
    • LA thrombus, A FIB, Pulomnary congestion/HTN
• Upon Exertion
  
  • Dyspnea
• Ausculation
  
  • Opening snap (from stiffness) , Diastolic rumble

Question 6

What is the medical management of mitral stenosis?

Answer 6

• Anticoagulants
• Antiarrhythmics
• Surgery

Question 7

What is Mitral Regurgitation/Incompetence?

Answer 7

• When the MV does not close completely during systole (incompetence)
  
  • creates backflow (regurgitation)
  • IncreaseSV to compensate for back flow
  • Upsteam champer (LA) dialtes out
  • Eccentric hypertrophy to accomodate for increased volume

Patients OK with exericse (asymptomatic)

Question 8

What is mitral valve prolapse?

Answer 8

• Valve snaps open during sytole
• Mostly asymptomatic (turbulent flow)
• Similar to regurgitation

Question 9

What is Aortic Stenosis?

Answer 9

• Mild thickeningm calcification, or both of a tri leaflet aortic valve without restricted leaflet motion

Calcific Aortic Stenosis

Congenital bicuspid aortic valve stenosis

*Common with age

Question 10

What would you expect with Aortic Stenosis?

Answer 10

• Volume Overload
  
  • LV dilates out, LVH
• Upon Exertion
  
  • Dyspnea - backflow into lungs impairs diffusion of gas in membrain = SOB
• Auscultation
  
  • Diastolic murmur “blowing”

Question 11

What are the causes of Aortic Regurgitation/Incompetence?

Answer 11

• Congenital, Rheumatic, endocarditis, Deterioration with age as wella s long standing HTN

Rarer Conditions: Marfan syndrome, anklying spondylitism certain STDs

Question 12

What do you expect from Aortic Regurgitation/Incompetence?

Answer 12

• Volume Overload
  
  • LV dilates out
  • LVH
• Upon Exertion
  
  • Dyspnea
• Auscultation
  
  • Diastolic murmur “blowing”

Eccentric Hypertrophy

No Pulmonary symptoms until advanced stages

Question 13

Describe the exericise condisderstions for valvular stenosis?

Answer 13

• RPE monitoring
• Low muscle perfusion may limit exercise
• Suppressed BP response to exercise
• Low CO
• Patients with symptomatic stenosis clients are typically not candidates for exercise programs
• Angina may be symptom