4. Trial Procedures in Magistrates' and Crown Courts Flashcards

1
Q

If the defendant opts to give evidence, when will they give it?

A

Before any other defence witness

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2
Q

What does the competence of a witness go to?

A

Whether they are allowed to give evidence

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3
Q

What does the compellability of a witness go to?

A

Whether they can be forced to give evidence

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4
Q

A witness will be deemed to not be competent if they are not able to do what two things?

A

Unable to:

  1. Understand questions put to them as a witness
  2. Gives answers which can be understood
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5
Q

What is true of all competent witnesses, other than the defendant, the defendant’s spouse/civil partner, and co-defendants?

A

They are compellable

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6
Q

With regard to the defendant’s competence and compellability, what is the situation for the prosecution and defence?

A

Prosecution:
D is neither competent nor compellable

Defence:
D is competent but not compellable

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7
Q

Again however, even though the defendant is not compellable, what can the jury do if they fail to give evidence?

A

Draw an adverse inference

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8
Q

What must generally be true before the jury will hold the failure to give evidence against the defendant?

A

The jury must think the only sensible explanation for the decision not to give evidence is that the defendant has no answer to the case against them, or no answer that would have stood up to cross examination

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9
Q

With regard to the competence and compellability of the defendant’s spouse or civil partner, what is the situation for the prosecution and defence?

A

Prosecution:
Spouse is competent but not compellable (unless exception applies)

Defence:
Spouse is competent and compellable, unless jointly charged

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10
Q

What must the offence for which defendant is being prosecuted involve before the spouse or civil partner of the defendant can be compelled by the prosecution?

A

Offence involves:

  1. Assault, injury, or threat of injury to the spouse or a child under 16
  2. Sexual offence on a child under 16
  3. Attempting, conspiring to commit, aiding, or abetting either 1 or 2
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11
Q

What is the situation if the married couple are no longer together?

A

It is as if they were never married, and the spouse is treated as a normal witness

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12
Q

Can an adverse inference be drawn from the spouse’s failure to give evidence?

A

No

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13
Q

With regard to the competence and compellability of co-defendants, what is the situation for the prosecution and defence?

A

Prosecution:
Co-D is neither competent nor compellable

Defence:
Co-D is competent but not compellable

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14
Q

What happens where a co-defendant pleads guilty of the charges against them are dropped?

A

They become an ordinary witness

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15
Q

What is a submission of no case to answer and when is it made?

A

At the end of the prosecution case, the defence may argue that they prosecution has not presented enough evidence to amount to a prima facie case, either:

  1. By failing to adduce evidence of one or more of the elements or the offence, or
  2. If the evidence is so unreliable that no reasonable bench, judge, or jury could convict
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16
Q

What are the modes of address in criminal court?

A

Individual magistrates: Sir or madam

Bench collectively: Your worships

District Court judge: Sir or madam

Crown Court judge: Your Honour, or His/Her Honour Judge X

17
Q

Where the defendant admits that he did it to the solicitor, but wishes to plead not guilty, what is the solicitor limited to doing?

A

Testing the strength of the prosecution case only, and must not put forward a positive defence or any suggestion that the defendant did not do it

18
Q

Where the defendant admits that he did not do it to the solicitor, but wishes to plead guilty, what is the solicitor not able to do and why?

A

They will not be able to put forward anything in mitigation which suggests the defendant did not commit the offence.

Because they must not mislead the court, and when a defendant pleads guilty, they are accepting guilt.

19
Q

What does a solicitor have a duty to assist the court on and what do they not have a duty to assist the court on?

A

Duty to assist: Points of law
No duty to assist: Missing or misinterpreted facts, as long as they themselves do not mislead the court

20
Q

What must a solicitor do if they are representing two defendants and a conflict arises?

A

Cease to act for one defendant, and they can only continue to represent one if the duty of confidentiality to the other one would not be compromised

21
Q

What are the two possible professional conduct issues which could arise when representing a defendant?

A
  1. D tells solicitor they did it, but wants to plead not guilty
  2. D tells solicitor they didn’t do it, but wants to plead guilty