4 TRANSITION METALS

Question 1

what binds ligands to form complexes?

Answer 1

transition metals

Question 2

what do ligands do?

Answer 2

act as lewis bases…donate e-. the donor atom is directly bonded to the metal

Question 3

what is a monodentate ligand?

Answer 3

has one donor atom

Question 4

what is a bidentate ligand?

Answer 4

has two donor atoms

Question 5

what type of ligand is EDTA?

Answer 5

hexadentate

Question 6

what are linkage isomers?

Answer 6

complexes that differ only by which atom in the ligand is the donor atom (NEEDS TO BE POLYDENTATE)

Question 7

what are coordination isomers?

Answer 7

two complexes that differ only by which metal is in the cation/anion

Question 8

what are ionization isomers?

Answer 8

complexes that differ only by the interchange of an anionic ligand and anionic counterion

Question 9

what is the coordination number?

Answer 9

number of donor atoms bonded

Question 10

what is the usual stereochemistry for coordination number 2?

Answer 10

linear

Question 11

what is the usual stereochemistry for the coordination number 3?

Answer 11

usually trigonal planar

Question 12

what is the usual stereochemistry for coordination number 4?

Answer 12

tetrahedral/square planar. for the square planar with two like ligands, cis/trans is possible

Question 13

what is the usual stereochemistry for coordination number 5?

Answer 13

trigonal bipyramidal or square planar

Question 14

what is the usual stereochemistry for coordination number of 6?

Answer 14

octahedral or distorted octahedral

Question 15

what is the most common coordination number? when is stereochemistry not possible?

Answer 15

6. if all donor atoms are the same or only one is different, no stereochemistry is possible

Question 16

when is fac/mer isomerism possible?

Answer 16

when there are 3 like ligands

Question 17

what are carbonyl complexes?

Answer 17

metal complex with carbon monoxide

Question 18

what is the coordination number of the metal ion that bonds to the hemegroup? what is the metal ion

Answer 18

the coordination number of Fe2+ is 6

Question 19

what is crystal field theory

Answer 19

model to explain colours and paramagnetism of transition metal complexes

Question 20

what are the assumptions in the crystal field theory?

Answer 20

transition metal ion is free metal cation by itself.
ligands are point charges.
bonds between metal and ligand is electrostatic (ionic/no covalent character).
resulting electrostatic field = crystal field

Question 21

is the repulsion in d-orbital ligands uniform?

Answer 21

NO

Question 22

what are the factors affecting delta o? (energy difference between sets of orbitals in octahedral field)

Answer 22

oxidation state of the metal ion (greater oxidation state = greater delta o)(smaller cation = closer ligands = more repulsion).
metal identity (larger metal = greater delta o).
larger d orbitals = better metal/ligand. orbital overlap = more repulsion
nature of the ligand.

Question 23

what colour is absorbed?

Answer 23

the complementary colour to the one we see

Question 24

what are the complimentary colour pairings?

Answer 24

R&G. O&B. Y&V.

Question 25

what does it mean if black is the colour perceived?

Answer 25

all wavelengths of the visible spectrum were absorbed

Question 26

PAGE 26

Answer 26

R