4 - The Rise of National Socialism

Question 1

Propaganda was effective in Nazi Germany (2 points)

Answer 1

Created personal loyalty to Hitler by separating him from the Nazi image

Racial propaganda convincing German population that there was a German question

Question 2

Propaganda was NOT/CANNOT be determined as effective in Nazi Germany (2 points)

Answer 2

Success can’t be compared to other countries because of different aims (e.g., Brits for boosted morale and Germany for new volkgemeinschaft)

Anti-Bolshevik propaganda didn’t work because of the German people’s good interactions with Soviet workers

Question 3

What was the Euthanasia Program propaganda for?

Answer 3

Used as counter propaganda for churches

Question 4

When was the Euthanasia program and what did it set out to do?

Answer 4

1939 - 41

Get rid of disabled people and those they saw as unfit

Question 5

What film did Goebbels produce as counter propaganda for the churches? What was the aim of it?

Answer 5

‘I Accuse’

To justify the Euthanasia program

Question 6

What is important to remember when discussing the success or failure of propaganda?

Answer 6

The public aren’t blank slates –> propaganda only works on them if they already have prevalent ideas on the topic

Question 7

What were the 2 Nuremberg Race Laws?

Answer 7

Reich Citizenship test

Law for the protection of German blood and German honour

Question 8

When were the Nuremberg Race Laws introduced?

Answer 8

1935

Question 9

What did the Reich Citizenship Law do?

Answer 9

Decreed only people of German blood were citizens of German –> Making being Jewish a racial matter

Question 10

What did the Law for the protection of German blood and German honour do?

Answer 10

Forbid Jew and non-Jew marriage

Question 11

How many people were killed in the Euthanasia program?

Answer 11

By the end of the war 250,000 people had been killed

Question 12

How many Jews were killed in the final solution?

Answer 12

6 million

Question 13

Significance of the media in promoting antisemitism (2 examples, one film, one newspaper)

Answer 13

Eternal Jew film, 1940

The Attacker newspaper –> printed antisemitic cartoons

Question 14

What film glorified Hitler?

Answer 14

The Triumph of the Will, 1935

Question 15

Aryanization

Answer 15

Taking businesses and property away from Jewish people and giving them to non-Jewish people

Question 16

How did the Nazis win over working class people?

Answer 16

‘Bread and work’ promise of full employment

Work creation scheme = Large scale public works

Question 17

Give an example of one of the Nazis work creation schemes

How many jobs did it create?

Answer 17

Autobahn system

Produced over 800,000 jobs for men

Question 18

What was a problem with the work creation scheme?

Answer 18

Those employed got little choice in where they worked and their pay

Question 19

How did the Nazis win over the middle class and industrialists?

Answer 19

Shared goals

Dialled back leftist ideas –> promised a return of traditional conservative values

Question 20

What were the goals shared by Nazis and middle class/industrialist (3 points)

Answer 20

Elimination of Jewish competition

Reigning in trade unions

Stopping communist/ liberal threat

Question 21

Who was Fritz Thyssen? What did he do?

Answer 21

German industrialist

Pumped money into the Nazi party –> 100,000 marks in 1923

Helped Hitler meet other industrialists

Question 22

What industrialist pumped money into the Nazi party?

Answer 22

Fritz Thyssen

Question 23

What Historian said “the Nazis were the only viable party for non-Marxist and non-Catholic voters”?

Answer 23

Jürgen Hagemann

Question 24

What did historian, Jürgen Hagemann say about the Nazis consolidation of power?

Answer 24

“The Nazis were the only viable party for non-Marxist and non-Catholic voters”

Question 25

Example of propaganda (radio) working for Nazis

Answer 25

In final election, 1933, higher Nazi vote was present in areas with Nazi radio

Question 26

When was Hitler appointed Chancellor? How did he go on to be president?

Answer 26

1933

Took over after president Hindenburg died

Question 27

How was President Hindenburg used in Nazi propaganda

Answer 27

Showed Hindenburg and Hitler as friends so that Hindenburg voters trusted Hitler

Question 28

What is sense of national community called?

Answer 28

Volksmeinschaft

Question 29

How did Nazis plan to achieve autarky (economic stability)?

Why did they want achieve this?

Answer 29

By making Germany economically self-sufficient through work creation schemes

So Germany would be more prepared then they were in WW1 when supply goods were blocked by allies

Question 30

How did the suicide rate in Germany compare to Britain? In what year was this?

Answer 30

4 times higher than Britain in 1932

Question 31

Volksmeinschaft

Answer 31

Sense of national community

Question 32

How many divisions were there in the Weimar parliament?

Answer 32

Over a dozen political parties

Question 33

What did Hitler refuse to do?

Answer 33

Refused to pay the Treaty of Versailles

Question 34

Who were the three German Chancellors before Hitler? And how did they mess up?

Answer 34

Brüning –> Flopped in handling the Wall Street Crash (cut unemployment pay, cut wages and cut government spending)

Von Papen –> Had no real political following without Nazi support

Von Schleicher –> Had no real political following without Nazi support

Question 35

What did Article 48 do?

How did it help the Nazis get into power

Answer 35

Allowed President to take action without consulting parliament in emergencies

Hitler (with decree from Hindenburg) created totalitarian regime through legal means

Question 36

How much money did Fritz Thyssen pump into the Nazi party? When?

Answer 36

100,000 marks

1923