4. Schizophrenia Flashcards
DF: A psychotic disorder with a loss of touch with reality, usually including hallucinations and confusion
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia lifetime prevalence of 0.2-1.5%
Schizophrenia lifetime prevalence of 0.2-1.5%
Onset of schizophrenia is earlier in _______ (15-25 years) than ______ (25-35 years)
Men; Women
3 Symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Positive
- Negative
- Disorganised
DF: A sensory experience with the absence of environmental stimuli
Hallucination
Most common type of hallucination out of:
Visual, Auditory, Olfactory and Tactile
Auditory
DF: Fixed, false beliefs that are not consistent with a person’s cultural/societal background
Delusions
4 Types of delusions
- Grandeur
- Persecution
- Reference
- Control
DF: Reduced interest or ability to start an activity
Avolition
DF: Reduced speech output
Alogia
DF: Lack of pleasure in day to day activities
Anhedonia
DF: Reduced ability to express emotions
Affective flattening
DF: Lack of interest in social activities and relationships
Asociality
DF: A variety of erratic behaviours that affect speech, motor behaviour and emotional reactions
Disorganised symptoms
2 types of disorganised symptoms
- Disorganised speech and thought
2. Disorganised motor behaviour
Clinician-Rated Dimensions of _____________ Scale: Scored from 1-4 on the following symptom presentations:
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Disorganised speech
- Abnormal psychomotor behaviour
- Negative symptoms
- Impaired cognition
- Depression
- Mania
Symptom Severity
Theoretical influence on Schizophrenia: Suggests brain injury early in the developmental period is a risk factor for later development of schizophrenia
Developmental
Theoretical influence on Schizophrenia: Genes play a role in the development of schizophrenia
Genetic
Theoretical influence on Schizophrenia: Brain structure and brain function abnormalities result in schizophrenia
Neurobiological
Structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia:
Enlarged ventricles
Brain functioning abnormalities in schizophrenia:
Under/overactivity in the prefrontal cortex
Theoretical influence on Schizophrenia: People are born with a genetic vulnerability and certain circumstances can trigger this and make it worse
Psychological and social
Acute ________ incidents may trigger the initial onset of illness as well as relapses
Stressful
DF: Emotional communication style characteristed by high levels of criticism, expressed hostility and emotional overinvolvement
Expressed emotion
Schizophrenia Treatment: 1st generation drugs. Effective for positive symptoms but ineffective for negative and cognitive symptoms
Dopamine antagonists
Schizophrenia Treatment: 2nd generation drugs. Effective for both positive and negative symptoms
Serotonin-Dopamine antagonists
Schizophrenia Treatment: Focus on social skills training, partial hospitalisation, behavioural programs, structured activity schedule
Psychosocial interventions
Schizophrenia Treatment: Encompasses behavioural family therapy, CBT, provision of support
Psychotherapy
