4. Retroviruses

Question 1

Retrovirus includes what in it’s genetic material? x2

Answer 1

Double stranded RNA (identical)

Positive sense RNA

Question 2

Unique enzyme in retrovirus is?

Answer 2

Reverse transcriptase

Question 3

Function of reverse transcriptase?

Answer 3

Transcription of viral genome RNA to DNA (host genome)

Question 4

Common example of retrovirus

Answer 4

HIV

Question 5

Molecules found on the surface of retroviruses are?

Answer 5

Glycoproteins

Question 6

Three genes found in retroviruses are?

Answer 6

Gag
Pol
Env

Question 7

Order of the three genes in retroviruses is?

Answer 7

5 - Gag, Pol, Env - 3

Question 8

Gag gene in retrovirus codes for? x3

Answer 8

Proteins making up matrix
Capsid
Nucleoprotein structures

Question 9

Pol gene in retrovirus codes for? x3

Answer 9

Reverse transcriptase
Protease
Integrase

Question 10

Env gene in retrovirus codes for? x2

Answer 10

Surface components of viral envelope proteins

Transmembrane components of viral envelope proteins

Question 11

Reverse transcriptase enzyme produces?

Answer 11

DNA

Question 12

Inegrase enzyme produces?

Answer 12

Provirus

Question 13

Protease priduces?

Answer 13

Mature virus

Question 14

Function of reverse transcriptase?

Answer 14

Transcription of viral genome RNA into DNA

Question 15

Function of integrase?

Answer 15

Integration of the DNA into the host genome to form the provirus

Question 16

Function of protease?

Answer 16

Cleavage of certain proteins for viral maturation and infectivity

Question 17

Two groups of retrovirus are?

Answer 17

Oncovirinae

Lentivirinae

Question 18

Oncogenic viruses cause what percentage of human cancers?

Answer 18

12%

Question 19

List oncogenic retroviruses x7

Answer 19

Epstein-Barr
KSHV
HPV
Hep B
Hep C
Merkel cell polyomarvirus
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)

Question 20

HTLV-1 gene causes what main condition?

Answer 20

Human T-cell leukemia

Question 21

HTLV receptor is?

Answer 21

Glut-1

Question 22

Three conditions caused by HTLV-1?

Answer 22

Adult T-cell leukaemia
HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy (HAM)
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (TSP)

Question 23

Two conditions caused by HTLV-2?

Answer 23

Myelopathy resembling HAM/TSP

Hairy Cell Leukaemia

Question 24

Latency period of HTLV is how long?

Answer 24

20-30 years

Question 25

Adult T-cell Leukaemia involves which cell type?

Answer 25

CD4+ T-cells

Question 26

Most common presentation of ATL?

Answer 26

Skin involvement

Question 27

Skin involvement occurs in what percentage of patients with ATL?

Answer 27

2/3 - 66%

Question 28

What is TSP?

Answer 28

Chronic and progressive disease of nervous system

Question 29

Hairy Cell Leukemia involves which organ mainly and how?

Answer 29

Spleen - splenomegaly

Question 30

Three routes of transmission of HTLV?

Answer 30

Mother to child (breast milk) Unprotected sex Contaminated blood products

Question 31

Treatment for ATL?

Answer 31

Chemotherapy

Question 32

Treatment for carriers of ATL?

Answer 32

No available treatment for carriers

Question 33

Example of lentivirinae retrovirus type? x2

Answer 33

HIV-1 | HIV-2

Question 34

Three routes of transmission of HIV?

Answer 34

Unprotected sex Vertical transmission mother to child (utero, breast milk, delivery) Injection drug use

Question 35

Receptors involved in HIV infection? x2

Answer 35

CXCR4 | CCR5