#4 Relativism (Wong)

Question 1

what is ethical relativism?

Answer 1

the theory where ethical values are relative to the norms of one’s group or culture

Question 2

what is the plurality of ethical values

Answer 2

group + cultural membership

Question 3

what are the three types of relativism?

Answer 3

1. descriptive
2. meta-ethical
3. normative

Question 4

explain descriptive relativism

Answer 4

groups and cultures do differ radically in their ethical values

Question 5

explain meta-ethical relativism (2 conditions)

Answer 5

there is no single, objectively correct set of ethical values for all persons ; ethical values only have meaning in a specific social, cultural, and historical context
- limits of position as an outsider
- research

Question 6

explain normative relativism

Answer 6

it is wrong to pass judgement or interfere with the practices of others who have different ethical values from one’s own

Question 7

what are some strengths of relativism

Answer 7

• more than one ethical position on a given topic can be correct
• diversity + tolerance

Question 8

what are some weakness of relativism

Answer 8

• justify the systemic mistreatment of others

Question 9

what are some critiques of relativism (5)

Answer 9

• deep down, all cultures agree on morality
• ignores variation within groups and/or cultures
• focusing on differences not always good for achieving collective goals
• denies moral/ethics progress
• taken to its extreme, relativism can turn into subjectivism or nihilism