4 - Pysch

Question 1

Abnormal ______ activity is thought to be the basis underlying social difficulties in schizophrenia

Answer 1

amydala

Question 2

Describe the role of dopamine in schizophrenia

Answer 2

Hypodopaminergic in the prefrontal cortex (negative symptoms)

Hyperdopaminergic in the mesolimbic regions (positive symptoms)

Question 3

Early antipsychotics that were D₂-receptor blockers led to what side effect?

Answer 3

Tardive dyskinesia

Question 4

What is the difference between mood states and affective states?

Question 5

Describe the role of Monoamines in mental disease?

Answer 5

Increased monoamines = mania

Decreased monoamines = depression

Question 6

What are monoamines?

Answer 6

dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin

Question 7

What is the role of the hippocampus in depression?

Answer 7

It is believed that stress induced depression and subsequent reduction in levels of monoamines are caused by deficits in neurogenesis and BDNF levels (the growth hormone that allows hippocampal neuron production)

Question 8

Why does ketamine help with depression?

Answer 8

elevated cortical levels of glutamate are associated with depression

ketamine is a glutamate receptor antagonist

Ketamine binds to/blocks NMDA receptors so glutamate can’t

produces rapid antidepressant effects