Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A - MSRA Cancer Care [1] > [4] Prostate Cancer > Flashcards

[4] Prostate Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

How common is prostate cancer, compared to other cancers?

A

Most common male cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How deadly is prostate cancer, compared to other cancers?

A

3rd most common cause of male cancer death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What % of men over 80 have prostate cancer?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What ethnicity has the highest prevalence of prostate cancer?

A

Black people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of cancer is prostate cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does prostate cancer affect?

A

The peripheral zone of the prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is prostate cancer always symptomatic?

A

No, it is usually asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the urinary symptoms of prostate cancer?

A 
Nocturia
Frequency
Hesitancy
Poor stream 
Terminal dripping
Obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the systemic symptoms of prostate cancer?

A

Weight loss

Fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the metastatic symptoms of prostate cancer?

A

Bone pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is found on DRE in prostate cancer?

A

Hard, irregular prostate on PR

Loss of midline sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does prostate cancer spread locally?

A

Seminal vesicles
Bladder
Rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which lymph nodes does prostate cancer spread to?

A

Para-aortic nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does prostate cancer cause if it spreads haematologically?

A

Sclerotic bony lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What bloods are done in prostate cancer?

A

PSA
U&E
Acid and alk phos
Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What imaging is done in prostate cancer?

A

XR chest and spine
Transrectal US and biopsy
Bone scan
Staging MRI

17
Q

How can the detection of affected nodes be improved in MRI staging scan for prostate cancer?

A

Contrast enhancing magnetic nanoparticles

18
Q

What is PSA?

A

A proteolytic enzyme used in liquefaction of ejaculate

19
Q

What can cause an increase is PSA?

A 
Prostate cancer
Age
PR
TURP
Prostatitis
20
Q

What % of small cancers have a normal PSA result?

A

30%

21
Q

How is Gleason grade calculated?

A

Score the two worst affected areas

22
Q

How is Gleason trade interpreted?

A

The sum is inversely proportional to prognosis

23
Q

What is the importance of prognostic factors in prostate cancer?

A

Help determine whether to pursue radical Rx

24
Q

What are the prognostic factors in prostate cancer?

A

Age
Pre-Rx PSA
Tumour stage
Tumour grade

25
Q

What is the problem with the management fo prostate cancer?

A

It is difficult to know which tumours are indolent and will not cause mortality before something else, and radical therapy is assocaited with significant mortality

26
Q

What is involved in the conservative management of prostate cancer?

A

Close monitoring with DRE and PSA

27
Q

What are the options in the radical therapy of prostate cancer?

A

Radical prostatectomy

Brachytherapy

28
Q

What is used alongside radical prostatectomy if the cancer is node +ve?

A

Goserelin

29
Q

How is a radical prostatectomy performed?

A

Laparoscopically with a robot

30
Q

What is the limitation of the survival increase with radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer?

A

It only improves survival vs active monitoring if <75 years

31
Q

What happens in brachytherapy for prostate cancer?

A

Implantation of palladium seeds

32
Q

What are the side effects of radical therapy for prostate cancer?

A

Erectile dysfunction
Urinary incontinence
Death

33
Q

Where is medical therapy for prostate cancer used?

A

Metastatic or node +ve disease

34
Q

What is involved in the medical therapy of prostate cancer?

A

LHRH analogues

Anti-androgens

35
Q

Give an example of an LHRH analogue?

A

Goserelin

36
Q

How do LHRH analogues work in prostate cancer?

A

They inhibit pituitary gonadotrophins, decreasing testosterone

37
Q

Give two examples of anti-androgens

A

Cyproterone acetate

Flutamide

38
Q

What can be used in the symptomatic management of prostate cancer?

A

TURP for obstruction
Analgesia
Radiotherapy for bone mets/cord compression

39
Q

Why is population based screening for prostate cancer using PSA not recommended in UK?

A

PSA not accurate tumour marker
Trials show small or no mortality benefit
Must balance mortality benefit with harm caused by over-diagnosis and over treatment of indolent cancers

A - MSRA Cancer Care [1] (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions