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Chemistry: Inorganic > 4: Period 3 > Flashcards

4: Period 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Suggest why sodium oxide forms a solution with a higher pH than the solution formed from magnesium oxide.

A

The oxide ions react with water to form OH- alkaline ions. NaOH is more soluble than Mg(OH)2

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1
Q

Phosphorus burns in air to form phosphorus oxide. Give an equation.

A

4P + 5O2 -> P4O10

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2
Q

Give an equation for the reaction between phosphorus oxide and water.

A

P4O10 + 6H2O -> 4H3PO4

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3
Q

Give 2 equations to show how vanadium(V) oxide acts as a catalyst in the contact process.

A

V2O5 + SO2 → V2O4 + SO3
V2O4 + 0.5O2 → V2O5

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4
Q

Give an equation for the reaction of sodium with water.

A

2Na + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + H2

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5
Q

Why is sodium more reactive than magnesium?

A

It takes less energy to lose one outer electron than 2.

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6
Q

Describe the reaction with sodium and water.

A

Vigorous

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7
Q

Give an equation for the reaction with magnesium and water.

A

Mg + 2H2O -> Mg(OH)2 + H2

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8
Q

Give an equation for the reaction of Mg with Steam.

A

Mg + H2O (g) -> MgO + H2

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9
Q

Give an equation for the reaction of Na with O2.

A

2Na + 0.5O2 -> Na2O

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10
Q

Give an equation for the reaction of Mg with O2.

A

Mg + 0.5O2 -> MgO

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11
Q

Give an equation for the reaction of Al with O2.

A

2Al + 1.5O2 -> Al2O3

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12
Q

Give an equation for the reaction of Si with O2.

A

Si + O2 -> SiO2

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13
Q

Give an equation for reaction of P with O2.

A

P4 + 5O2 -> P4O10

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14
Q

Give an equation for the reaction of S with O2.

A

S + O2 -> SO2

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15
Q

Give the oxidation state of S in SO2.

A

+4

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16
Q

Give the conditions needed to form SO3.
Give the oxidation state of S in SO3.

A

High temperature and catalyst.
Oxidation state of S is +6

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17
Q

Describe the reaction of Na and O2 in air and give the flame colour produced when Na2O is burnt.

A

Vigorous
Yellow flame

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18
Q

Describe the reaction of Mg and O2 in air and give the flame colour produced when MgO is burnt.

A

Vigorous
Brilliant white flame

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19
Q

Describe the reaction of Al and O2 in air and give the flame colour produced when Al2O3 is burnt.

A

Slow reaction
No flame colour

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20
Q

Describe the reaction of Si and O2 in air and give the flame colour produced when SiO2 is burnt.

A

Slow reaction
No flame colour

21
Q

Describe the reaction of P and O2 in air and give the flame colour produced when P4O10 is burnt.

A

Spontaneously combusts
Brilliant white flame

22
Q

Describe the reaction of S and O2 in air and give the flame colour produced when SO2 is burnt.

A

Burns steadily
Blue flame

23
Q

Which period 3 oxide has the highest melting point?

A

MgO

24
Q

Explain why MgO has a higher melting point than Na2O.

A

Mg forms 2+ ions. They have a higher charge than Na+ ions, therefore they form stronger ionic bonds that require more energy to be overcome.

24
Q

Explain why Al2O3 has a lower melting point than MgO.
Explain how this makes Al2O3 partially covalent.

A

The difference in electronegativity between Al and O is lower than the difference between Mg and O. This means that O2- ions in Al2O3 can’t attract the electrons in the metal-oxygen bond as strongly.

25
Q

Explain why SiO2 has a high melting point.

A

It is macromolecular, so all bonds are covalent, which are very strong so require lots of energy to be overcome.

26
Q

Explain why P4O10 and SO2 have low melting points.

A

They have a simple covalent structure so VDW and permanent dipole-dipole forces require little energy to be overcome.

27
Q

What do ionic oxides do in water and what do they form?

A

They dissolve in water and accept protons to form hydroxide ions.

28
Q

When simple covalent oxides dissolve in water, what do they form?
What is formed when they dissociate in solution?

A

Acidic solutions
When they dissociate in solution, a conjugate base is formed.

29
Q

Give an equation for the reaction of P4O10 with water to form an acid.
Name the acid formed.

A

P4O10 + 6H2O -> 4H3PO
Phosphoric acid

30
Q

Give an equation for the reaction of SO2 with water to form an acid.
Name the acid formed.

A

SO2 + H2O -> H2SO3
Sulfurous acid

31
Q

Give an equation for the reaction of SO3 with water to form an acid.
Name the acid formed.

A

SO3 + H2O -> H2SO4
Sulfuric acid

32
Q

Give an equation to show the dissociation of H3PO4 in water.

A

H3PO4 -> 3H+ + PO4 3-

33
Q

Give an equation to show the dissociation of H2SO3 in water.

A

H2SO3 -> 2H+ + SO3 2-

34
Q

Give an equation to show the dissociation of H2SO4 in water.

A

H2SO4 -> 2H+ + SO4 2-

35
Q

Why are giant covalent molecules such as SiO2 classed as acids despite being insoluble in water?

A

They react with bases.

36
Q

Why is Al2O3 insoluble in water?

A

Partially ionic and partially covalent

37
Q

Give an equation to show the reaction of Na2O with HCl.

A

Na2O + 2HCl -> 2NaCl + H2O

38
Q

Give an equation to show the reaction of MgO with H2SO4.

A

MgO + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2O

39
Q

What do Na2O and MgO do to acids?

A

They neutralise them.

40
Q

Give an equation for SiO2 and 2NaOH.

A

SiO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2SiO3 + H2O

41
Q

Give an equation for P4O10 and 12NaOH.

A

P4O10 + 12NaOH -> 4Na3PO4 + 6H2O

42
Q

Give an equation for SO2 and 2NaOH.

A

SO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO3 + H2O

43
Q

Give an equation for SO2 and 2NaOH.

A

SO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO3 + H2O

44
Q

Give an equation for SO3 and 2NaOH.

A

SO3 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO4

45
Q

What do SiO2, P4O10 and SO2/SO3 do to bases?

A

Neutralise them

46
Q

What does Al2O3 do to acids and bases?

A

Neutralises them

47
Q

What is formed when Al2O3 reacts with acids and bases?

A

Salts

48
Q

Give an equation for the reaction of Al2O3 with 3H2SO4.

A

Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O

49
Q

Give an equation for the reaction of Al2O3 with 3H2O and 2NaOH.

A

Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O -> 2NaAl(OH)4

Chemistry: Inorganic (8 decks)

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