4) Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Hydrocarbon definition
A compound of hydrogen and carbon only
Molecular formula
The actual number of each type of atom present in a molecule
e.g. C2H4
Empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of all the atoms in a compound
e.g. C2H4 = CH2
Displayed formula
Shows how the atoms in a molecule are joined together, including all bonds
e.g. C2H4 =
H H | | C == C | | H H
Structural formula
Condensed displayed formula leaving out all C–C and C–H bonds
e.g. C2H4 = CH3CH3
General formula
Formula that represents all members of a homologous series
CnH2n+n (alkanes)
CnH2n (alkenes)
Homologous series
Series of compounds that have
- the same general formula
- similar chemical properties
- same functional group
Each member differs by a “CH2” and the series has a gradual trend in physical properties
Functional group
Specific groups of atoms or bonds within a molecule that are responsible for the characteristic reactions of that type of molecule
e.g. alkene —> C==C
Isomer definition
Isomers of a compound have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
Alkanes saturated or unsaturated
Saturated
Alkenes saturated or unsaturated
Unsaturated
Alkanes general formula
CnH2n+2
Alkenes general formula
CnH2n
Crude oil is…
… a mixture of hydrocarbons
Refinery gases used for
Domestic heating / cooking
