4. Migration

Question 1

1. Immigration, Emigration and Net Migration

Answer 1

• Immigration: movement into a society
• Emigration: movement out
• Net migration: difference between number of immigrants and emigrants.

Question 2

2. Immigration

Answer 2

• 1900 – WW2: Largest immigrant group were Irish (followed by Eastern and Central European Jews: often fleeing persecution). Few immigrants non-white
• 1950s: Black immigrants from Caribbean
• 1960s-70s: Immigrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

Consequence:
• More ethnically diverse society.
• 2011: ethnic minorities accounted for 14% of population.
• Immigration acts from 1962-1990 placed severe restrictions on non-white immigration.

Question 3

3. Emigration

Answer 3

• 16th century – 1980s: UK was a net exporter of people
• Main reasons for emigration have been economic…
• Push factors: e.g. recessions
• Pull factors: e.g. higher wages

Question 4

4. Impact of Migration on UK population structure

Answer 4

• Population size is increasing (partly as a result of immigration)
• Net migration is high: 260,000 in 2014.
• 47% of the immigrants were non-EU citizens, 38% were EU citizens
• Age structure: immigration lowers the average age (directly and indirectly)
• Directly: Immigrants are generally younger (2011: UK passport holder was 41, non-UK passport holders in Britain were 31)
• Indirectly: Immigrants are more fertile, and produce more babies

Question 5

Summary

Answer 5

1. Immigration, Emigration and Net Migration
2. Immigration
3. Emigration
4. Impact of Migration on UK Population Structure