Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MEH > 4. Lipid Transport > Flashcards

4. Lipid Transport Flashcards

1
Q

How are lipids transported round the body?

A

2% carried bound to albumin but has limited capacity

98% carried as lipoprotein particles (phospholipid, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, proteins, TAG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are phospholipids classified?

A

According to their polar head group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 shapes phospholipids can form?

A

Liposome
Micelle
Bilayer sheet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does cholesterol come from?

A

Some obtained from diet

Most synthesised in liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the role of cholesterol?

A

Essential component of membranes
Precursor of steroid hormones
Precursor of bile acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is cholesterol transported round the body?

A

Cholesterol ester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are lipoproteins made up of?

A

Phospholipid monolayer with small amount of cholesterol
Peripheral apolipoproteins
Integral apolipoproteins
Cargo consisting of triacylglycerol, cholesterol ester, fat soluble vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 5 distinct classes of lipoproteins?

A 
Chylomicrons (largest)
VLDL
IDL
LDL
HDL (smallest)
Each contains variable content of apolipoproteins, triglyceride, cholesterol, cholesterol ester
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many major classes of apolipoproteins are there?

A

6

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 important apolipoproteins?

A

apoB (VLDL, IDL, LDL)

apoAI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 roles of apolipoproteins?

A

Structural - packaging water insoluble lipid

Functional - co-factor for enzymes, ligands for cell surface receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chylomicron metabolism

A

Look at notability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

VLDL metabolism

A

Look at notability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

IDL and LDL metabolism

A

Look at notability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of LDL metabolism?

A

Provide cholesterol from liver to peripheral tissues

Peripheral cells express LDL receptor and take up LDL via process of receptor mediated endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the clinical relevance of LDL?

A

Half life of LDL in blood much longer than VLDL or IDL so it’s more susceptible to oxidative damage
Oxidised LDL taken up my macrophages that transform to foam cells and contribute to formation of atherosclerotic plaques

17
Q

What is the function of chylomicrons?

A

Transport dietary triacylglycerol from the intestine to tissues such as adipose tissue

18
Q

What is the function of VLDL?

A

Transport fo triacylglycerol synthesised in live to adipose tissue for storage

19
Q

What is the function of IDL?

A

Short loved precursor of LDL

Transport of cholesterol synthesised in live to tissues

20
Q

What is the function of LDL?

A

Transport of cholesterol synthesised in liver to tissues

21
Q

What is the function of HDL?

A

Transport of excess cholesterol from cells to liver for disposal as bile salt and to cells requiring additional cholesterol

22
Q

What are hyperlipoproteinaemias?

A

Raised plasma level of one or more lipoprotein classes (6 main classes)
Caused either by over production or under removal
Defects in enzymes, receptors or apoproteins
All but one associated with coronary artery disease

23
Q

What are the clinical signs of hyperholesterolaemia?

A 
High levels of cholesterol in blood
Cholesterol depositions in various areas of body
Xanthelasma - yellow patches on eyelids 
Tendon xanthoma - nodules on tendon
Corneal arcus - white circle around eye
24
Q

What is raised serum LDL associated with?

A

Atherosclerosis

25
Q

What is the first approach treatment to hyperlipoproteinaemias?

A

Reduce cholesterol and saturated lipids in diet
Increase fibre intake
Increase exercise
Stop smoking to reduce CV risk

26
Q

What drugs can be used to treat hyperlipoproteinaemias?

A

Statins - reduce cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
Bile salt sequestrants- bind bile salts in GI tract, forces liver to produce more bile acids using more cholesterol

MEH (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions