Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK CORTEXT > 4- Knee Problems > Flashcards

4- Knee Problems Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the knee joint

A

Medial and lateral compartments of the tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the thickest hyaline cartilage in the body found

A

The retropatellar surface in the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the menisci

A

Fibrocartilaginous plates in the knee joint

They act as shock absorbers and help distribute load equally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the 4 main ligaments of the knee

A

Anterior cruciate
Posterior cruciate
Medial collateral
Lateral collateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the main role of the ACL

A

Prevent abnormal internal rotation of the tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main role of the PCL

A

Prevents hyperextension and anterior translation of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the main role of the MCL

A

Resists valgus force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the main role of the LCL

A

Resists varus force and abnormal external rotation of tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can predispose you to OA of the knee

A 
Previous meniscal tears 
Ligament injuries 
Malalignment 
Genetic 
Hobbies - sport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When would you consider a knee replacement

A

Patient has significant pain and disability

Conservative management isn’t work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List some potential complications of TKR

A

Infection
Thrombosis
Medical complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Knee replacements have a lower risk of dislocation compared to hips = true or false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does an meniscal tear present

A

Localised pain
Effusion develops the day after injury
Locking of the knee
Might feel like knee is giving way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a haemarthrosis

A

Effusion due to bleeding in the joint

Can occur after ACL rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What might you find on clinical examination of meniscal tears

A

Effusion
Joint line tenderness
Pain on tibial rotation - positive Steinman’s test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a bucket handle tear

A

Where a large meniscal fragment is able to flip out of normal position and causes mechanical obstruction
Knee ‘locks’

17
Q

How do degenerate meniscus tears occur

A

Meniscus weakness with age
Can tear spontaneously or with seemingly minor injury
Common in early OA

18
Q

Why does the meniscus have limited healing potential

A

Only has arterial blood supply in outer 1/3

Potential also decreases with age

19
Q

How do you treat meniscal tears

A

Usually they don’t heal and aren’t suitable for repair
Steroid injections can ease symptoms
May settle with tie
If it doesn’t then you can take out the torn meniscus

20
Q

What will be the main complaint with ACL deficiency

A

Instability when rotating knee

Feeling like it is giving way when turning

21
Q

Is isolated PCL rupture common

A

No

usually part of multi-ligament injury

22
Q

How do you treat acute MCL tears

A

Hinged knee brace

Good healing potential

23
Q

How does an MCL tear present

A

Laxity
Pain on valgus stress
Tenderness over origin or insertion of MCL

24
Q

How do you manage chronic MCL insatbilty

A

MCL tightening

Reconstruction with tendon graft

25
Q

How do you treat LCL rupture

A

Surgery

Early repair or late reconstruction (tendon graft)

26
Q

LCL injury has a high incidence of vascular injury

A

True

Popliteal injury

27
Q

How do you treat multi-ligament injury

A

Surgical reconstruction due to the high degree of instability

28
Q

What damage can a complete knee dislocation do to ligaments etc

A

Results in rupture of all 4 main knee ligaments

High incidence of neurovascular injury

29
Q

Which age groups are commonly affected by extensor mechanism ruptures

A

Patellar tendon ruptures in younger age group (<40)

Quad tendon rupture in older patients (>40)

30
Q

List some predisposing factors for extensor mechanism rupture

A

History of tendonitis
Chronic steroid use or abuse
RA
Renal failure

31
Q

Can you treat tendonitis of extensor mechanism with steroid injection

A

No

You should avoid steroid due to high risk of tendon rupture

32
Q

How do you treat extensor mechanism ruptures

A

Surgery
Tendon to tendon repair
Reattachment of tendon to the patella

33
Q

What is patellofemoral dysfunction

A

Disorders of the patellofemoral articulation

Causes anterior knee pain

34
Q

How do you manage patellofemoral dysfunction

A

Most improve with physio (try to rebalance quads)
Taping can help
Surgery is a last resort

35
Q

What mechanisms can cause dislocation of the patella

A

Direct blow

Sudden twist of the knee

36
Q

Which direction does the patella normally dislocate

A

Laterally

37
Q

What factors predispose you to patella dislocation

A 
Ligamentous laxity
Female gender
Shallow trochlear groove
Genu valgum 
Femoral neck anteversion 
A high riding patella
38
Q

What decreases risk of recurrent patellar dislocation

A

Physio to strengthen the quadriceps

As you age, risk goes down

MSK CORTEXT (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions