4-Interdependence & Adaption

Question 0

Why do plants and animals need food?

Answer 0

Plants:
Absorb nutrients from the soil.
Animals:
Herbivores compete for vegetation, carnivores compete for their prey.

Question 1

Why do plants and animals need space/light?

Answer 1

Plants:
Need room to spread leaves to obtain light for photosynthesis.
Animals:
Need space to breed and compete for a mate. Also territory to hunt in.

Question 2

Why do plants and animals need water?

Answer 2

Plants:
Absorb water by their roots.
Animals:
Need water in order to survive.

Question 3

What is a population?

Answer 3

The total number of individuals of the same species that live in a certain area.

Question 4

What happens when organisms compete in an area or habitat?

Answer 4

Those that are better adapted to the environment are more successful and usually exist in larger numbers. This often results in the exclusion of other competing organisms.

Question 5

What are adaptions?

Answer 5

Special features or behaviour that make an organism particularly well suited to its environment.

Question 6

What is a habitat populated by?

Answer 6

Organisms that excel there.

Question 7

What adaptions do?

Answer 7

Increase an organisms chance of survival; they are biological answers to environmental challenges.

Question 8

Give 3 examples of adaptions.

Answer 8

1. Some plants have THORNS to prevent animals from eating them (roses & cacti).
2. Some organisms have POISONS & warning COLOURS to deter predators (blue dart frogs).
3. Some organisms are adapted to live in EXTREME CONDITIONS (high temperature/pressure). These are EXTREMOPHILES (Pompeii worm survives temperatures up to 80 degrees Celsius)

Question 9

What does a wide range of adaptions allow?

Answer 9

It allows organisms to live in a wider range of conditions.

Question 10

How may animals be adapted?

Answer 10

Changes to SA.
Thickness of insulating coat.
Amount of body fat.
Camouflage.

Question 11

How may plants be adapted?

Answer 11

SA of leaves.
Root system.
Thickness of stem.

Question 12

What are the two causes of environmental change?

Answer 12

Living factors and non-living factors.

Question 13

What do non-living factors that cause environmental change include?

Answer 13

Changes to average temperatures.
Amount of rainfall.
This affects the distribution of crops:
*crops that grew in dry areas may not grow well in wetter areas
*numbers of pollinating insects (bees) may decrease in cool weather, so can affect distribution of future crops

Question 14

What do living factors that cause environmental change include?

Answer 14

Introduction of new predators.
New diseases.
Migration.

Question 15

How else are plant populations affected?

Answer 15

By grazing (by herbivores) and disease.

Question 16

How can lichens be used as an indicator organism?

Answer 16

Amount of sulphur dioxide pollution in the air affects distribution. Different types if lichens have different levels of sensitivity, so the type and number of lichens in an area gives an indication of sulphur dioxide levels in the air.

Question 17

What is the lichen population likely to be in towns and industrialised areas?

Answer 17

Low numbers of lichens and only a few varieties found on trees and walls.

Question 18

What is the lichen population likely to be in rural areas?

Answer 18

Larger number and wider variety on trees and walls.

Question 19

How can invertebrate animals be used as indicator organisms?

Answer 19

When rivers and lakes become polluted the level of dissolved oxygen in water falls. Many organisms die, but some invertebrate organisms can tolerate low levels of oxygen. Some organisms are only found in ‘clean’ water where dissolved oxygen levels are high.

Question 20

What type water does the stonefly nymph live in?

Answer 20

High-quality water with high levels of dissolved oxygen.

Question 21

What type of water does the rat-tailed maggot live in?

Answer 21

Tolerates low levels of dissolved oxygen and is found in polluted water.

Question 22

How can environmental change be measured by non-living indicators?

Answer 22

Using equipment to measure temperature, rainfall and oxygen levels in water.

Question 23

LOOK AT HOW SCIENCE WORKS STUFF

Answer 23

LOOK AT HOW SCIENCE WORKS STUFF