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Edexcel A-level Chemistry > 4: Inorganic + The Periodic Table > Flashcards

4: Inorganic + The Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

Lithium (Li+) flame color

A

Scarlet red

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2
Q

Sodium (Na+) flame color

A

Bright yellow

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3
Q

Potassium (K+) flame color

A

Lilac

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4
Q

Rubidium (Rb+) flame color

A

Red

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5
Q

Caesium (Cs+) flame color

A

Blue-violet

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6
Q

Magnesium (Mg+2) flame color

A

No visible flame

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7
Q

Calcium (Ca+2) flame color

A

Brick-red

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8
Q

Strontium (Sr+2) flame color

A

Red

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9
Q

Barium (Ba+2) flame color

A

Apple-green

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10
Q

What is the trend in ionization energy down group 2?

A

Ionization energy decreases

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11
Q

What is the reason for the trend in ionization energy down group 2?

A

(Decreases) because:
- Electrons are held further from the nucleus, lower attraction
- More shielding, lower attraction
- Electrons are therefore easier to remove

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12
Q

What is the trend in reactivity down group 2?

A

Reactivity increases down group 2

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13
Q

What is the reason for the trend in reactivity down group 2?

A

(Increases) because:
- Electrons are held further from the nucleus, lower attraction
- More shielding, lower attraction
- Electrons require less energy to remove

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14
Q

Group 2 metal + Oxygen ?

A

Burn readily in oxygen, forming XO compounds

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15
Q

What precautions are needed and why when using Mg ribbon?

A

MgO forms slowly when Mg metal is exposed to oxygen, so the ribbon needs to be cleaned off to remove MgO which reacts differently to pure Mg

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16
Q

Group 2 metal + Chlorine?

A

Form the compound XCl2

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17
Q

Mg + steam ?

A

Forms MgO and hydrogen gas

18
Q

Mg + warm water ?

A

Forms Mg(OH)2 and hydrogen gas

19
Q

Ca, Sr, Ba + cold water ?

A

Form hydroxides and hydrogen gas

20
Q

What would be observed when a group 2 metal reacts with water?

A
  • Effervescence
  • Metal dissolves
  • Solution heats up
  • Solution turns alkaline
21
Q

Group 2 oxide + water?

A

Form hydroxides, increasing in pH as you go down the group

22
Q

What is the trend in group 2 hydroxides ?

A

Increase in pH going down the group because more OH- ions are free in solution

23
Q

Group 2 hydroxide + (dilute) acid?

A

Form a salt and water

24
Q

Group 2 hydroxide + acid?

A

Form a salt and 2 water molecules

25
Q

What is the trend in solubility of group 2 hydroxides?

A

Become more soluble down the group
- Mg classed as insoluble
- Ca reasonably soluble
- Ba very soluble

26
Q

What is the trend in solubility of group 2 sulfates?

A

Become less soluble down the group
- BaSO4 is the least soluble

27
Q

Group 2 oxide + acid?

A

Form hydroxides and water

28
Q

Group 2 hydroxide + acid?

A

Form hydroxides and 2 water molecules

29
Q

What is the trend in solubility of group 2 hydroxides?

A

Solubility increases down the group

30
Q

What is the trend in solubility of group 2 sulfates?

A

Solubility decreases down the group

31
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

The use of heat to break down a reactant into more than one product

32
Q

What is thermal stability?

A

The ease of which a compound thermally decomposes. If a compound has high thermal stability, it will not decompose as easily

33
Q

What is the trend in thermal stability of group 1 + 2 carbonates?

A

Thermal stability increases going down the group

34
Q

What is the reason for the trend in thermal stability of carbonates?

A

Cations with a smaller charge/density ratio have less polarizing power and do not distort the carbonate ion’s bonding electrons as easily. The C-O bond is less weakened and needs more heat energy to be broken

35
Q

Do group 1 or group 2 carbonates thermally decompose more easily?

A

Group 2 carbonates are less thermally stable overall because they have larger charge-density ratios than their corresponding group 1 carbonate

36
Q

How do you investigate thermal decomposition of carbonates?

A

It gives off CO2 gas, so by using lime water and timing how long it takes for it to become permanently cloudy, thermal stability can be compared

37
Q

What is the trend in thermal stability of group 2 nitrates?

A

Thermal stability increases down the group

38
Q

What is the reason for the trend in thermal stability of group 2 nitrates?

A

Cations with a smaller charge/density ratio have less polarizing power and do not distort the nitrate ion’s bonding electrons as easily. The N-O bond is less weakened and needs more heat energy to be broken

39
Q

How do you investigate the thermal decomposition of nitrates?

A
  • Brown gas will evolve
  • Nitrate solid melts into a colorless solution, then re-solidifies
40
Q

What is the reason behind flame colors?

A

Electrons are excited by the heat energy and move to a higher energy level. Upon their return to their original energy level, energy is released, which is seen as light energy (the flame color)

41
Q

How do you investigate flame colors?

A

Clean a nichrome wire with hydrochloric acid and dip into the solution of cations. Hold over the Bunsen flame and observe the color of the flame

Edexcel A-level Chemistry (1 decks)

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