*4-ID evidence Flashcards
what are dangers of eye witness evidence
errors of perception fleeting glimpse suggestive questions lies misleading cofidence
what does code 3.12 of pace state
that ID procedure must be done if suspect disputes unless not practicable or no use.
this added after R v Forbes
what are methods of ID procedure under code D 3.4
Video identification (VIPER)
ID parade
group identification
what are the reasons video identification may not be used in 3.14
a) ID parade more practicable
b) video not practicable
c) officer thinks more suitable
what are advantages of video
less stress
less risk of nervous suspect
different angles
images are manipulated
what is qualified identification
when viper and an id parade are done and witness must say whether it was on tape or in person, any unsure comments noted down
r v george
what are turnbull guidelines
tells jury to note down circumstances of viewing. guidelines are special need for caution, they must explain why and what circumstances of event could make a bit unreliable
what is judges decision to exclude based on
based on fairness r v grannell
what does section 8 of crown court compendium include
warning to stop injustice
2) honest witness can be wrong
3) convincing witness can be wrong
4) more than one witness can be wrong
5) witness wrong when knew d before
what should be observed about circumstances
time distance light interference whether saw d before length of observation significant difference in description
what is a suspect witness
one who should be treated with extra caution
issue with hearsay witnesses
no way to see demeanours in court
not on oath
cant be tested
what situation is lucas direction given under
falses alibi
lies as supporting evidence
evidence of accused guilt
witness used to show guilt
what is lucas direction
judge tells jury that d has told lies however doesn’t neccesarily mean guilty.
