4 - HEMA Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Granulocytes
A
neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil
2
Q
Cytoplasm of monocytes appear like a ___________ due to the tiny granules present
A
ground glass
3
Q
those w/ segmented or lobulated nuclei – neutrophil, eosinophil & basophil
A
Polymorphonuclear
4
Q
Has large purple to black azurophilic granules
A
Toxic granulation
5
Q
Altered primary granules
A
Toxic granulation
6
Q
A shift to the left in histogram is one of the associated conditions of this wbc cells.
A
Toxic granulation
7
Q
Larger than 2 degree granules and stain dark blue black.
A
Toxic granulation
8
Q
What enzyme is in the primary granules?
A
Myeloperoxidase
9
Q
Other name for Amato bodies.
A
Dohle bodies
10
Q
Blue, round, or mostly elongated bodies
A
Dohle bodies or Amato
11
Q
It represents rRNA and not seen in cytoplasm except for may-hegglin anomaly.
A
Dohle bodies or Amato
12
Q
Where is dohle bodies seen in cytoplasm?
A
May-Hegglin Anomaly
13
Q
These are aggregates of free ribosomes.
A
Dohle bodies or Amato
14
Q
Dohle bodies is seen in this due to increase activity of the cell.
A
Infections
15
Q
An inherited condition where in the appearance of Amato is permanent.
A
May-Hegglin Anomaly
16
Q
What is seen if RNA precipitates and seen as granules inside the WBC?
A
Amato bodies
17
Q
Many presence indicates phagocytosis particularly the end stage.
A
Cytoplasmic vacuolation
18
Q
What inclusion bodies is seen when there are Presence of many
toxic vacuoles containing the phagocytized material w/ the contents of lysosome or debris of the phagocytized material
A
Cytoplasmic Vacuolation
19
Q
It represents end stage of phagocytosis.
A
Toxic vacuolation
20
Q
It is describe as large empty areas within the cell.
A
Toxic vacuolation
21
Q
Is is associated with more than or equal to 40% of infectious mononucleosis conditions.
A
ATYPICAL/ REACTIVE LYMPHOCYTE/ DOWNEY CELLS
22
Q
Cells show foamy & abundant cytoplasm
A
ATYPICAL/ REACTIVE LYMPHOCYTE/ DOWNEY CELLS
23
Q
This inclusion bodies is seen in kissing disease caused by Epstein barr virus.
A
ATYPICAL/ REACTIVE LYMPHOCYTE/ DOWNEY CELLS
24
Q
Large, coarse blue – black granules in all WBCs
A
Alder Reilly Granulation
25
Abnormal polysaccharide granules which are not completely metabolize due to an enzyme deficiency (congenital disorder) which leads to non-
metabolism of mucopolysaccharide & prevents the formation of secondary granules
Alder Reilly Granulation
26
Alder Reilly Granulation is associated with this condition.
Mucopolysaccharidosis or Gargoylism
27
Resembles Dohle bodies but are permanently present
May Hegglin Anomaly
28
Presence of gray – blue spindle shaped inclusions in the cytoplasm of Neutrophils and Monocytes
May-Hegglin Anonamly
29
Associated conditions are leucopenia, variable thrombocytopenia, giant platelets.
May-Hegglin Anomaly
30
Squeezing through the circulation via endothelial lining.
Diapedesis
31
Impaired directional motility
Job’s Syndrome
32
Random movement of phagocytes is normal thus neutrophil may still move elsewhere but directional motility is impaired because cells respond slowly to chemotactic agents thus do not directly proceed to the chemical attractant.
Job’s Syndrome
33
This cytoplasmic changes gives more time for the bacteria to proliferate or cross the infection.
Job’s Syndrome
34
Both random and directional movement of the cells are defective thus neutrophil will only stay but the organism will approach the neutrophil thus phagocytosing it
Lazy Leukocyte Syndrome
35
Cells fail to respond to inflammatory stimuli but have normal phagocytic and bactericidal activity.
Lazy Leukocyte Syndrome
36
What are the non-malignant but defective in killing of microorganisms.
Chediak-Higashi Anomaly and Chromic Granulomatous Disease
37
What are the inherited abnormal granulocyte function?
Job’s Syndrome and Lazy Leukocyte Syndrome
38
Characterized by large, blue to grayish round granules or inclusions in Neutrophils that vary in size and color
Chediak - Higashi Anomaly
39
Chediak - Higashi Anomaly stains positive with
peroxidase, Sudan black B (SBB) and Acid phosphatase (ACP) stains
40
Primary granules contain the usual composition such as __________________________ but these are abnormally package, meaning they are normal in contents but abnormally package, thus appears as chediak-higashi anomaly.
peroxidase, sudan black b & ACP
41
granules are normal in content but abnormally packaged thus it cannot perform its normal function
Chediak - Higashi Anomaly
42
Phagocytes ingest all but cannot kill catalase (+) organism because of lack of appropriate respiratory burst
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
43
Neutrophils have normal direct & random motility & phagocytosis
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
44
reaction inside the neutrophil needed for the killing of organism.
Respiratory burst
45
In respiratory burst the neutrophil is able to produce potent oxygen radicals like __________ for killing organisms. In _____________, the respiratory burst function of neutrophil is ________ or inappropriate thus inadequate production of H2O2 & O2 which are important bactericidal agent.
H2O2 & O2, chronic respiratory disease, decreased
46
produce enzyme catalase which will breakdown H2O2 into H2O & O2
Catalase + Organisms: Staph aureus
47
A monocyte (phagocyte) that engulf a lymphocyte (engulf material)
Tart Cell
48
Formation is no known significance
Tart Cell
49
a stimulated or atypical lymphocyte with denser and more opaque cytoplasm
Ferrata cells
50
Associated with subacute bacterial edocarditis.
Ferrata cells
51
a lymphocyte with notched, lobulated, segmented, clover – leaf like nucleus
Reider cell
52
associated with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Reider cell
53
It is related to the presence of anti-nuclear antibody.
Lupus Erythematosus Cell
54
Neutrophil engulf the lysed nucleus of another neutrophil containing a large purple homogenous round inclusion (phagocytized cell) with nucleus wrapped around the phagocytized material which occupies the entire cytoplasm of neutrophil thus neutrophils nucleus is pushed around the side appearing as a wrapping itself into the phagocytized cell
Lupus Erythematosus Cell
55
Lupus Erythematosus cell occurs when there is
neutrophil, ANA or L.E. factor & nucleus of another neutrophil
56
Affected by hairy cell leukemia
Hairy cell
57
with abundant hair-like cytoplasmic projections
Hairy cell leukemia
58
Round lymph cell with nucleus that is grooved or convoluted
Sezary cell
59
Seen in Sezary syndrome which is an advanced case of ____________.
mycosis fungoides
60
only skin is affected by T cells ; initial stage
Mycosis fungoides
61
when affected T cell migrate deeper into the dermal layer, lymph nodes & visceral organs
Sezary syndrome
62
Mononuclear cell w/ a brain-like nucleus or cerebriform nucleus & a narrow rim of cytoplasm
Sezary cell
63
plasma cell with red to pink cytoplasm that appears like a flickering candle
Flame cell
64
Flame cell is associated with ____________________________ which is a malignancy of plasma cell which is responsible for the production of Ig.
increase in IgA associated w/ multiple myeloma
65
malignancy of plasma cell which is responsible for the production of Ig.
IgA associated with multiple myeloma
66
plasma cell that contains small colorless (or blue or pink) vacuoles or globules
Grape cell / Mott cell / Morula cell
67
It has large protein globules
Grape cell / Mott cell / Morula Cell
68
Grape cell / Mott cell / Morula cell has a blue or pink protein that are excessively produced in
Multiple myeloma
69
accumulation of IgG found in the cytoplasm & also seen in plasma cell
Russel bodies
70
accumulation of IgG found in the cytoplasm & also seen in plasma cell
Russel bodies
71
intracellular crystalline structures of abnormal IgG
Dutcher bodies
72
Inclusions of nucleus
Dutcher bodies
73
Neutrophils have single or bilobed nuclei
The 2 lobes appear as a peanut or dumbbell shape or a pince-nez spectacles (pair of eye glasses)
Hypolobulation
74
There is a decreased segmentation as seen in pelger huet anomaly.
Hypolobulation
75
Hypersegmentation is abnormal in size and in lobulation and large as
macropolycyte
76
Abnormal DNA synthesis as seen in megaloblastic anemia.
Hypersegmentation
77
shrunken and dehydrated nucleus of cells that are about to die
Pyknotic cells
78
Has thumbprint appearance
Smudge cell
79
A nuclear remnant of lymphocytes
Smudge cell
80
Associated w/ Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Smudge cell
81
Nuclear remnants of granulocytic cell as seen in chronic granulocytic anemia.
Basket cell
82
Drumstick like body protrudes away from some of segments of neutrophils & attached on one of the lobes of neutrophil nucleus
Barr body
83
Indicate an extra X chromosome & seen in females
Barr body
84
Seen in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Auer rods
85
Fused primary granules seen in immature neutrophils
If seen in bundles this are called faggot cells
Auer rods
86
represents the non-metabolized mucopolysaccharide. It is associated w/ the enzyme deficiencies
Alder Reilly granules
87
Enzyme deficiencies in mucopolysaccharidoses.
I Hurler’s (most common)
IV Morquio – Ullrich
II Hunter’s
V Scheie
III Sanfilippo
VI Maroteaux – Lamy
88
In gaucher’s disease, there is a lack of ___________ resulting inability to metabolized ______________ which will accumulate of in the ______________________.
glucosidase, glucocerebroside, spleen, liver and bone marrow
89
cytoplasm is distended with many glucocerebroside; sponge-like
appearance, crinkled or crumpled tissue paper
Gaucher cells
90
Most common lipid disorder.
Gaucher cells
91
Has foamy appearance.
Niemann-Pick disease
92
Niemann - Pick disease is characterized by the deficiency of
________________ resulting to accumulation of sphingomyelin and cholesterol in the macrophages
sphingomyelinase
93
w/ non-metabolized lipid-rich granules that stain blue green with polychrome stains
Sea - Blue histrocytes
94
Signs and symptoms of sea - blue histrocytes
Heparomegaly and thrombocytopenia
95
Sea blue histrocytes is characterized by the accumulation in the _______________________ giving an appearance of blue sea.
Spleen and BM of histocytes
96
lack of a-galactosidase resulting to accumulated glycolipid trihexosyl ceramide but will not give an unusual appearance of macrophage
Fabry’s disease
97
In Fabry’s disease, the lack of ________________ resulting to accumulated ________________________ but will not give an unusual appearance of macrophage
a-galactosidase, glycolipid trihexosyl ceramide
98
deficiency of acid esterase resulting to accumulation of TG and cholesterol
Wolman disease
99
Patient is unable to produce HDL (good cholesterol) which responsible for the metabolism of the cholesterol by bringing it into the liver to prevent hypercholesterolemia, as a result, cholesterol esters accumulate
TANGIER’S DISEASE
