4 H’s and 4 T’s Flashcards
What is Hypoxia?
State in which Oxygen is not Available in sufficient amounts at the tissue level to maintain adequate Homeostasis. This can result from inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissue due to low blood supply or low Oxygen content in the Blood.
What is Hypokalaemia/Hyperkalaemia?
Hypo - Lower than normal Potassium level in your Bloodstream. Potassium helps carry Electrical Signals to cells in your Body. Critical to proper functioning of Nerve and Muscle cells, particularly the Heart Muscle cells.
Hyper - Potassium level higher than normal.
What is Hyperthermia/Hypothermia?
Hypo - Body Temperature is Dangerously Low (below 35C).
Hyper - Body Temperature is Dangerously High and occurs when your body absorbed or generates more heat that it can release.
What is Hypovolemia?
Condition that occurs when body loses fluid, like blood or water. Refers to a state of low extracellular fluid volume, generally secondary to combined sodium and water loss. Heavy blood loss is an often obvious sign for hypovolemic shock as well as rapid heartbeat. IV FLUIDS.
What is a Tension Pneumothorax?
Results when air is trapped on the pleural space under positive pressure, displacing mediastinal structure and compromising cardiopulmonary function. Air accumulates between the Chest wall and the Lung and increases pressure in the Chest, reducing the amount of Blood returned to the Heart.
Distended Neck Vein, Respiratory Distress/Arrest, Hypotension and Tracheal Deviation away from the Side of Injury. Unequal Breathing, Narrow QRS.
What is Tamponade?
Abnormal amounts of Fluid accumulates in the Pericardial sac compressing the Heart and Leading to a decrease in Cardiac Output and shock. Space around the Heart fills with Blood or Other Fluids, putting pressure on the Heart.
What is Thrombosis?
Blood Clots block Veins or Arteries. Arterial Thrombosis or Venous Thrombosis.
What is Meant by Toxins?
Toxins in bloodstream that have a Negative Effect. E.g. Drugs. Can Cause Overdose and Stop Heart Pumping. Look for Track Marks on Arms, Legs, Wrists and Bulging Veins.
