4. External Fixation

Question 1

indications of external fixation

Answer 1

comminuted
open
infection
non-union
arthrodeses
transarticular stabilization
limb deformities

Question 2

advantages of external fixation

Answer 2

• counteracts axial, bending, and rotational forces
• latitude to make post-operative adjustments
• encourages early weight bearing
• versatile and economical

Question 3

types of fixators

Answer 3

linear and acrylic are all we need to know

Question 4

utilizes half pin splintage (pins passing through both cortices but only one skin surface)

Answer 4

type I

Question 5

utilizes full pin splintage (uniplanar and bilateral, two skin surfaces)

Answer 5

type II

Question 6

where can you use type II frames?

Answer 6

distal to elbow and stifle

NOT THE HUMERUS OR FEMUR

Question 7

Utilizes both half and full pins. BIPLANAR (pins oriented in opposing planes)

Answer 7

type III
(not really used anymore, can only put half pins thru cranial portion)

Question 8

as you __________ the construct becomes much more stable

Answer 8

add connecting frames

Question 9

stress is concentrated where _____ when using fixation pins

what will eventually happen?

Answer 9

pin meets the cortex.

bone resorption and inflammation

Question 10

weakest point in the fixation complex?

Answer 10

bone - pin (or wire) interface

Question 11

What kind of pins do we usually use in bone?

Answer 11

threaded, screw into bone, increase their longevity and decrease complications

Question 12

core diameter of the drill bit should be _______ than the core diameter of the corresponding fixation pin

Answer 12

0.1 mm less than

Question 13

disadvantages of the KE (kirschner-ehmer) apparatus

Answer 13

…