Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PS3032 Clinical > 4: Executive (Dys)Function > Flashcards

4: Executive (Dys)Function Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 aspects of ED are missing?

A

A biomarker, a clear neural mechanism, and efficient treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 3 processes are supported by executive function?

A

Inhibition of inappropriate behaviour, control of emotions, and planning and problem solving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which 2 aspects of problem solving are supported by executive function?

A

Visual imagery and verbal working memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What impairments in major life activities suggest executive function is separate from intelligence?

A

When IQ is regressed out, people with ADHD are still more likely to get suspended from school or fired, and less likely to graduate high school.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What impairments in social life suggest executive function is separate from intelligence?

A

When IQ is regressed out, people with ADHD have much higher rats of teen pregnancy and more social problems reported by parents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In what disorders is ED a core symptom?

A

ADHD and frotnal lobe lesion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In disorders is ED an additional symptom?

A

Schizophrenia, depression, dementia, basal ganglia lesion and Parkinson’s disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give 4 examples of when ED can occur in healthy people.

A

When they are sleep deprived, stressed out, not physically fit, or exerting self-control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In a clinical view, what is mismatched in ED?

A

Preserved intelligence and disability at real life tasks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In a clinical view, what are the 4 key aspects of ED?

A

Disinhibited/inappropriate behaviour, inability to maintain goals and plan, emotional dysregulation, and lack of flexibility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In a cognitive view, what are the 3 key aspects of executive function?

A

Inhibition, working memory, and flexibility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In a cognitive view, when is executive function necessary?

A

For concentration, and for inhibiting an automatic response, which would be bad in some way.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Suggest 3 neuropsychological tests for executive function.

A

Stroop task, Wisconson card sorting task, and fluency test.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is the WCST administered?

A

Participants are given a card and must decide which of 4 piles it belongs in, based on a rule they have to guess. Once they know the rule, it can be changed. Errors are counted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is a fluency test administered?

A

Participants are asked to generate as many words as they can beginning with one letter in 2 minutes. This is compared to the norm of 21.2 +/- 7.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give 2 validity based problems with neuropsychological tests of executive function.

A

They may not predict all aspects of EF, such as emotional regulation, and they may not predict impairments in real life.

17
Q

Give 1 specificity based problem with neuropsychological tests of executive function.

A

Low scores in brain lesion patients can be due to other impairments independent of EF.

18
Q

Where do lesions causing ED typically occur?

A

Frontal cortex.

19
Q

Suggest 2 behaviour tasks that assess working memory.

A

Verbal item-recognition task and verbal 2-back task.

20
Q

The impact of which 2 hormones is evidenced by the oculomotor delayed response task?

A

Dopamine and noreinephrine.

21
Q

How is atomoxetine used in ADHD treatment?

A

It is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, which aids access to the optimal NE for working memory tasks.

22
Q

What is involved in cognitive rehabilitation?

A

Training working memory, compensatory strategies, and independence with daily living.

23
Q

What were the results of a meta-analysis on cognitive rehabilitation after stroke?

A

There were no significant effects on global executive function, working memory, activities of daily living, quality of life, or participation in vocational activities.

24
Q

What may be involved in cognitive rehabilitation with children?

A

Cognitive training (e.g. CogMed), sports, and pretend play.

25
Q

What were the results of a study on cognitive improvement of executive function with children?

A

Training helped most with kids with the lowest EF, and effects did not transfer between EF functions.

26
Q

What were the results of a meta-analysis on cognitive training in ADHD treatment?

A

Working memory improved, but there were limited effects on other symptoms.

27
Q

How might self-control resemble a muscle?

A

Cognitive depletion may occur, for example watching someone eat chocolate while you east radish makes you try less at an unsolvable puzzle.

28
Q

What were the results of a meta-analysis on Ritalin?

A

A single dose significantly improved memory, had no effect on EF, and caused sleep-deprived individuals to overestimate their performance.

29
Q

What were the results of a meta-analysis on Modafinil?

A

A single dose significantly improved attention and wakefulness, and improved
sleep deprived individuals’ EF.

PS3032 Clinical (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions