4. Endocrinology

Question 1

What is endocrinology?

Answer 1

How hormones are produced and released and the effect they have on our behaviour

Question 2

What are some features of fast adaptation?

Answer 2

Neurons and synapses

Question 3

What are some features of slow adaptation?

Answer 3

Stress, emotions, social behaviour

Question 4

What are hormones and how are they different to neurotransmitters?

Answer 4

They are chemical post-mates
Slower than NT but their effects last longer

Question 5

How are neuro-endocrine hormones secreted and where do they go?

Answer 5

By neurons into circulating blood

Question 6

How are endocrine hormones secreted and where do they go?

Answer 6

By endocrine gland and into circulating blood

Question 7

How are cytokine hormones secreted?

Answer 7

By tissues

Question 8

What are the two types of hormones?

Answer 8

Lipid soluble and Lipid insoluble

Question 9

What’s an example of a lipid insoluble hormone?

Answer 9

Insulin

Question 10

What’s an example of a lipid soluble hormone?

Answer 10

Testosterone

Question 11

How can a lipid insoluble hormone bind to G-protein linked receptor via an ion channel?

Answer 11

Hormone activates a receptor on the outside of the membrane- activates G-protein- detatches from beta & gamma units- activates intracellular enzymes

Question 12

How can a lipid soluble hormone bind to DNA via an intracellular receptor?

Answer 12

Pass into membrane- binds to receptor in plasma- receptor binds to hormone-response element strand of DNA

Question 13

How can a thyroid hormone create new proteins by acting on the cell nucleus?

Answer 13

Pass cell membrane through carrier channels, enter nucleus- causes transcription of DNA into mRNA- synthesis of new proteins