4. Effects of Lung Disease Flashcards
1
Q
tidal volume
A
volume of air in each breath
usually between 0.4-0.5dm3
2
Q
ventilation rate
A
number of breaths per minute
healthy=15
3
Q
forced expiratory volume1
FEV1
A
max volume of air can be breathed out in 1 second
4
Q
forced vital capacity
FVC
A
max volume of air possible to breath forcefully out
5
Q
can work out measures of breathing of
A
spirometre
6
Q
Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) cause
A
- immune system cells build wall around tuberculosis bacteria in lungs
- hard lumps known as tubercles
- infected tissue with tubercles die
7
Q
Fibrosis
cause
A
- exposure to dust/asbestos
2. scar tissue in lungs (thicker/less elastic)
8
Q
asthma
cause
A
- allergic reaction to pollen/dust
- airways inflamed/irritated
- asthma attack -
smooth muscle lining bronchioles contract
lots of mucus produced
constriction of air ways
difficult to breathe. air flow reduced.
9
Q
emphysema
cause
A
- smoking, air pollution. particles trapped in alveoli
- inflammation. phagocytes attracted to area. produce enzyme that break elastin
- elastin helps alveoli return to normal shape after breathing
- alveoli cant recoil/expel air (remains trapped)
10
Q
TB
symptoms
A
cough coughing up blood/mucus chest pains shortness of breath fatigue
11
Q
Fibrosis - symptoms
A
shortness of breath dry cough chest pain fatigue weakness
12
Q
asthma - symptom
A
wheezing
tight chest
shortness of breath
attack can be relived by drugs (inhaler) relaxes bronchiole
13
Q
emphysema - symptom
A
shortness of breath
wheezing
increased ventilation rate
14
Q
PVR (pulmonary ventilation rate)
A
tidal volume x breathing rate
