4 Ecology

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

a group of organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

A group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area at the same time

Question 3

Infertile Hybrids

Answer 3

offspring of closely related species, ie mule and donkey

Question 4

What would happen if populations did not interbreed?

Answer 4

Develop different characteristics and be affected differently by natural selection

Question 5

Autotrophs

Answer 5

make their own food from carbon dioxides and other simple or inogranic substances

Question 6

Heterotrophic

Answer 6

obtain their organic compounds from other oragnisms

Question 7

Define Mixotrophic and provide two examples

Answer 7

Obtain and make their own food, Euglena Gracilis and carnivorous plant

Question 8

Do all plants Photosynthesise and therefore have chloroplast or are their outliers

Answer 8

Parasitic ones are outliers and group on other species which harm them, however are relatively small in number

Question 9

Consumers and their subcategories

Answer 9

Heterotrophs that feed on other organisms - primary, secondary and tertiary

Question 10

Detritus

Answer 10

organic matter discarded by organisms such as dead leaves, feathers hair and faeces

Question 11

Detrivores

Answer 11

heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from detritus by internal digestion

Question 12

Saprotrophs and include two examples

Answer 12

heterotrophs that obtain organic nutrients from detritus by external digestion, bacteria and fungi

Question 13

Communities

Answer 13

formed by populations of different species living and interacting together

Question 14

Ecosystems

Answer 14

the community of organisms in an area and its interactions with abiotic environment

Question 15

List three examples on how abiotic influences species

Answer 15

sunlight exposure and wave action where animals can live in interidal zone
- rock formation offer nesting sites
- sun intensity determine where plants can grow

Question 16

List two Species influence abiotic factors

Answer 16

• grasses growing on sand stablizes it
• organic matter from plants can enrich soil, allowing more plants

Question 17

How do heterotrophs obtain chemical elements

Question 18

What are inorganic chemical elements are needed and what do they make?

Answer 18

carbon + hydrogen + oxygen = carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

Nitrogen and phosphorus = protein and nucleic acid

Question 19

How do autotrophs obtain chemical elements?

Answer 19

from the air and from nitrates in soil

Question 20

Three requirements to sustain ecosystem

Answer 20

• nutrient availability
• detoxification of waste products
• energy availability

Question 21

How is matter recycled?

Answer 21

Waste for one species maybe resource for another

Question 22

Adaptations

Answer 22

characteristics that make an individual suited to its environment

Question 23

Chi Square Test

Answer 23

A test for independence, whether there is an association between two species usually seen together, using data collected from the field

Question 24

Null Hypothesis

Answer 24

there is no association between two variables

Question 25

Where do ecosystems acquire their energy from

Answer 25

sunlight

Question 26

How does energy enter the ecosystem

Answer 26

Through autotrophs or producers who carry out photosynthesis