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Med Science Drugs > 4 Drugs > Flashcards

4 Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an agonist?

A
  • substance which initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor (normally correcting something that has been lost)
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2
Q

What is a full agonist?

A
  • bind to and activates a receptor, producing the maximum possible response that the tissue being targeted is capable of giving
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3
Q

What is a partial agonist?

A
  • drugs that bind to and activate a given receptor, but have only partially produced the desired effect
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4
Q

What are the 2 types of agonists?

A
  • partial and full agonists
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5
Q

How do agonists work?

A
  • steroid hormone enters cell
  • binds to receptor protein
  • hormone receptor complex forms in nucleus
  • hormone receptor complex binds to specific gene sequences in DNA
  • genes are transcribed into mRNA which leaves nucleus
  • ribosomes translate mRNA into protein
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6
Q

What is the protein made by an agonist used for?

A
  • protein made is essential to the cells function in some way
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7
Q

What does levothyroxine treat?

A
  • hypothyroidism
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8
Q

Which hormone is deficient if dealing with hypothyroidism?

A
  • Thyroxine (T4)
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9
Q

What type of drug is levothyroxine?

A
  • agonist
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10
Q

Explain levothyroxine molecular basis of action

A
  • levothyroxine binds to natural carrier protein in the blood
  • once it enters the cell it is metabolised into its active form L-triiodothyronine (T3)
  • T3 binds to thyroid receptor proteins in the cell nucleus
  • T3 receptor complex binds to specific areas of DNA and activates specific genes to make proteins
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11
Q

What are antagonists?

A
  • occupies receptors but do not activate them, block receptor activation by agonists
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12
Q

What are the 2 types of antagonists?

A
  • competitive and irreversible
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13
Q

What are competitive antagonists?

A
  • slow down process by temporarily blocking a site or receptor
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14
Q

What are irreversible antagonists?

A
  • stop a reaction permanently blocking a site or receptor
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15
Q

What type of drugs are beta blockers?

A
  • competitive antagonists
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16
Q

Explain the molecular basis of action of beta blockers

A
  • temporarily block receptor sites (beta adrenoceptors) for adrenaline and noradrenaline (hormonal neurotransmitters found in nervous system)
  • slows down but do not stop the impulse of the heart
  • slows down the rate and force of the heart muscle contraction is reduced, reducing blood pressure
17
Q

What are beta blockers prescribed for?

A
  • high blood pressure
  • angina
  • atrial fibrillation
  • heart failure
18
Q

What is omeprazole prescribed for?

A
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease
19
Q

What is omeprazole?

A
  • proton pump inhibitor
20
Q

Where are proton pumps found?

A
  • stomach lining
21
Q

What do proton pumps secrete?

A
  • acid
22
Q

What are the protons being pumped called?

A
  • H+ ions
23
Q

What type of drug is omeprazole?

A
  • irreversible non competitive antagonist
24
Q

Explain the molecular basis of action of omeprazole

A
  • Proton pumps use active transport to move protons (H+) against a concentration gradient using ATP as energy into the lumen of the stomach
  • Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, irreversibly binds to the ATP binding site- ATP cannot bind as protons move against the concentration gradient
25
Q

Explain the molecular basis of action for amoxicillin?

A
  • competitively inhibit the cross linking between peptidoglycan molecules in the bacterial cell walls by binding to section which would form crosslinks inhibiting it from happening
  • cell walls do not form and grow correctly as the holes don’t fill in and bacteria die
26
Q

Explain the normal growth and formation of a bacterial cell wall

A
  • new peptidoglycan are synthesised inside the cell and exported through the membrane and form crosslinks to other peptidoglycan which is already part of the growing wall

Med Science Drugs (5 decks)

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