4 Derm Vocab Flashcards
Papule
Elevated, palpable, less than10mm
Wart, mole
Macule
Flat, usu less than 10 mm, variable shape, non palpable color change.
Freckle, birthmark
Plaque
Elevated plateau-like lesion, greater than 10mm, superficial
Nodule
Firm papule, extends into dermis or sub Q tissue
Tumors: large nodules more than 10mm
Vesicle
Fluid-filled blister less than 10mm
Bullae
Vesicles larger than 10mm
Pustule
Elevated lesion containing pus
Urticaria
Wheals or hives. Transient elevated lesion due to located edema
Migratory, erythematous prurience plaques. Mostly involves release of histamine
Scale
Accumulation of epithelium, dry, whitish
Crust
Dried pus, blood or serous exudate on the surface usual due to broken pustules or vesicles
Erosion
Loss of epidermis.
Skinned knees. Rope burn.
Ulcer
Deeper erosions involving the dermis. Bleed and scar.
Petechiae
Small, nonblanchable, punctuate foci of hemorrhage
Hickey
Purpura
Large area or hemorrhage. May be palpable.
Bruise
Ecchymosis
Purpura by trauma
Purpura not necessarily by trauma
Atrophy
Paper thin, wrinkled, dry appearing skin (aging?)
Scar
Fibrous tissue replacement after injury
Talengiectasia
Dilated, superficial blood vessels
Drunken flush
Annular
Rings with central clearing
Nummular
Circular
Target
Rings with central duskiness
Serpinginous
Serpent-like. Fungal and parasitic infections.
Reticulated
Lacy pattern
Verrucous
Wart-like. Irregular surface. May be pendunculated or not
Lichenification
Epidermal thickening with accentuation of skin lines due to chronic irritation. Looks like elephant skin
Induration
Dermal thickening. Skin feels hard and rough.
Umbilicated
Looks like a donut hole. With a central indentation.
Red
(Erythema). Increased blood to skin
Orange
Hypercarotenemia
Yellow
Jaundice, heavy metal poisoning, myxedema, uremia (urea in the blood)
Green
In fingernails, suggests pseudomonas
Violet
Darkening cutaneous hemorrhage, vasculitis
Gray/blue
Cyanosis, metal deposits
Black
Melanocytic lesions, infection, arterial insufficiency
White
Tinnea, pityriasis alba, vitiligo
Dermatographism
Urticaria after stroking skin.
Diascopy
Pressure to indicate blanching (hemorrhagic lesions don’t blanch, inflammatory lesions do)
Darier’s sign
Stroking lesions causes intense and sudden erythema and wheal formation
Nikolsky’s sign
Bullae formation and erosion following gentle traction pressure
Auspitz’ sign
Pinpoint bleeding after removal of plaques
Koebner’s phenomenon
Development of lesions within areas of trauma
Wood’s lamp
UV light for fungi
Pruritis
Most common cause = dry skin
open comedone
Black head
Closed comedone
White head
Acne vulgaris
Obstruction of pill sebaceous unit presenting with comedones, papules, pustules, inflamed nodules, superficial pus filled cysts and sometimes deep purulent sacs
Rosacea
Chronic inflammatory disorder cx by facial flushing, telangiectasis, erythema, papules, pustules, possibly rhinophyma
Bullous pemphigoid
Chronic, pruritic bullous eruptions.
Causes: autoimmune, drug induced from furosemide, captopril, NSAIDs
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Auto immune, chronic, recurring, intensely itchy, w symmetrical groups of inflamed vesicles, papules, hives
Autoimmune, celiac dz
Pemphigus vulgaris
Potentially fatal blistering disease. Rare
Autoimmune
Callouses and corns
Epidermal thickening from pressure or friction. Feet and toes
Ichthyosis
Scaling and flaking of skin, range of types
Keratosis pilaris
Keratinization disorder where horny plugs fill the openings of hair follicles
Atopic dermatitis
Immune mediated skin inflammation, with genetic component
Cause: genetics, food and envl allergies. Aggravated by dry skin, wool, sweating, allergens, tight clothing, emotional stress, nutritional deficiency, SIBO
Contact dermatitis
Acute inflammation of skin caused by irritants or allegens.
ICD: hands affected
ACD: intensely pruritic
Lichen simplex chronicus
Neurodermatitis. Chronic pruritis that causes an extreme scratch-itch-scratch cycle w/o demonstrable cause
Nummular dermatitis
Inflammation of skin in coin-shaped pattern
If see vesicles on elbow…
Look in oral cavity, look at gluteal fold, check back of head. Palpate abdomen.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Inflammation of skin in high density areas of sebaceous glands (scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, face)
Stasis dermatitis
Persistent dermatitis of the lower legs, esp the ankle, secondary to chronic venous insufficiency
Polymorphous light eruption
An idiopathic, recurrent photodermatitis that occurs after sun exposure.
Burning, itching, erythema
Aging
Chronic effect of sunlight. Produces fine and coarse wrinkles, rough leathery texture, mottled hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia
Places exposed to sun
Actinic keratosis
Precancerous neoplasm due to uv exposure. Chronic effect of sunlight. Rough, scaling macule, papule, plaque
Psoriasis
Chronic, recurring inflammation of epidermis and dermis w increased epidermal proliferation resulting in scaling. Immune mediated
Pityriasis rosea
Acute, self-limited, mild inflammatory, scaling skin disease. Rxn of HHV 7, or primary infxn with HHV-6, 8 or H1N1 flu
Lichen planus
Recurrent itching, inflammation with small, discrete angular papules that can coalesce. Uncommon. Hep c may play a role.
Drug eruptions
Common. Immune mediated.
Causes: penicillin, sulfonamides, quinidine
Erythema multiforme
Inflammatory rxn characterized by target lesions. Causes: drugs, infxns, immunization, autoimmune, malignancy, unknown
Erythema nodosum
Inflammation of skin and subQ tissue (panniculitis) characterized by tender, red nodules on the shins
Causes: infxns, drugs, malignancy, inflammatory/granulomatous dz
Excoriation:
linear erosion, usu caused by scratching
