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Computer Science GCSE > 4. Computer systems > Flashcards

4. Computer systems Flashcards

1
Q

Hardware

A

Physical components of a computer system that can be touched.

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2
Q

Examples: Hardware Components

A

CPU
RAM
Storage devices
Keyboard
Mouse

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3
Q

Software

A

Programs that control the hardware, residing on the computer system but not physically touchable.

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4
Q

Examples: Software Types

A

Operating system
Applications (apps)
Utility software

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5
Q

System Software

A

Essential software for the operation of the computer system, providing a platform for running applications and carrying out tasks.

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6
Q

System Software Functions

A

Booting up
Device management
Security

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7
Q

Booting Up

A

System software talks to hardware to initialize and prepare it for use.

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8
Q

Device Management

A

System software manages external hardware such as keyboards, printers, etc.

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9
Q

How does system software provide security?

A

System software provides security layers to prevent malware and protect hardware.

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10
Q

Application Software

A

Software chosen by users to carry out specific tasks, installed on top of system software.

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11
Q

Productivity Software

A

Helps users accomplish tasks efficiently, including word processors, spreadsheets, and presentation software.

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12
Q

Communication Software

A

Allows users to stay connected through email, web browsers, and messaging applications.

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13
Q

Entertainment Software

A

Provides entertainment options such as watching movies, playing games, or listening to music.

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14
Q

Operating System (OS)

A

Software that provides an interface between the user and the hardware in a computer system.

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15
Q

Functions: Key Areas of Operating System Functions

A

Provide a user interface
Memory & processor management
I/O management & device drivers
Application & security management
File management

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16
Q

Hardware

A

Physical components of a computer system that can be touched.

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17
Q

Examples: Hardware Components

A

CPU
RAM
Storage devices
Keyboard
Mouse

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18
Q

Software

A

Programs that control the hardware, residing on the computer system but not physically touchable.

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19
Q

Examples: Software Types

A

Operating system
Applications (apps)
Utility software

20
Q

System Software

A

Essential software for the operation of the computer system, providing a platform for running applications and carrying out tasks.

21
Q

System Software Functions

A

Booting up
Device management
Security

22
Q

Booting Up

A

System software talks to hardware to initialize and prepare it for use.

23
Q

Device Management

A

System software manages external hardware such as keyboards, printers, etc.

24
Q

How does system software provide security?

A

System software provides security layers to prevent malware and protect hardware.

25
Q

Application Software

A

Software chosen by users to carry out specific tasks, installed on top of system software.

26
Q

Productivity Software

A

Helps users accomplish tasks efficiently, including word processors, spreadsheets, and presentation software.

27
Q

Communication Software

A

Allows users to stay connected through email, web browsers, and messaging applications.

28
Q

Entertainment Software

A

Provides entertainment options such as watching movies, playing games, or listening to music.

29
Q

Operating System (OS)

A

Software that provides an interface between the user and the hardware in a computer system.

30
Q

Key Areas of Operating System Functions

A

Provide a user interface
Memory & processor management
I/O management & device drivers
Application & security management
File management

31
Q

User Interface

A

How the user interacts with the operating system.

32
Q

Memory Management

A

Process carried out by the operating system allocating main memory (RAM) between different programs, ensuring efficient operation and multitasking.

33
Q

RAM Allocation

A

OS copies programs and data from secondary to primary storage as needed, allocating RAM based on priority and fairness.

34
Q

Dynamic Management

A

OS dynamically adjusts memory allocation to maintain optimal system performance.

35
Q

Processor Management

A

Process carried out by the operating system dividing time (time slicing) among different programs, enabling multitasking.

36
Q

CPU Execution

A

OS decides which programs get access to the CPU, allowing the user to use multiple programs simultaneously.

37
Q

Application Management

A

Process enabling applications to interact with hardware and software through standardized application programming interfaces (APIs).

38
Q

Security Management

A

Process enabling different user logins, allocating access rights, and maintaining user settings and file audits.

39
Q

File Management

A

Process creating, organizing, manipulating, and accessing files and folders, controlling permissions and providing search functionality.

40
Q

Utility Software

A

Software designed to help maintain, enhance, and troubleshoot/repair a computer system, interacting with hardware components like secondary storage devices.

41
Q

Utility Software Examples

A

Defragmentation
Compression
Encryption
Task Manager

42
Q

Defragmentation

A

Groups fragmented files together to improve access speed on secondary storage devices.

43
Q

Compression

A

Reduces the amount of secondary storage required by performing an algorithm on the original data.

44
Q

Encryption

A

Scrambles data into unreadable cipher-text using algorithms, enhancing data security.

45
Q

Task Manager

A

Built-in software allowing users to monitor system resources and troubleshoot potential problems by providing information about processes, performance, startup apps, users, and services.

46
Q

Lossy compression

A

Lossy compression physically removes data from the original data to reduce its size, the original file can not be re-created

47
Q

Lossless compression

A

Lossless compression uses mathematics to order data more efficiently reducing its size, the original files can be re-created as no data is lost

Computer Science GCSE (3 decks)

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