4 Childhood Lymphomas Flashcards
Both HL and NHL start in the immune system, but spread differently. Which is generally more aggressive?
Hodgkins.
Which lymphoma is more common:
Less than 10 years old?
Between 15-19?
Males v females?
Overall 15% of childhood cancers
For children < 10 years of age, NHL is more common.
For children between the ages of 15-19, HD is almost twice as prevalent as NHL and is also very common in adults.
Male to female ratio
NHL < 15 years of age 3-4 times greater incidence in males compared to females
HD < 8 years of age male to female ratio is 4:1; by age 10 years and older the ration is 3:1 male to female.
Overall survival in HL and NHL?
HL - 90%, NLH similar depending on stage
General difference between B and T cells?
Both arise in marrow.
B cells become memory cells and regonize specific antigens. they attach and alert when the recognize one.
T cells either become helpers or killers
6 major places that are lymphoid tissues (other than lymph nodes)
- Tonsils and adenoids
- Thymus
- Spleen
- Small intestine (peyers patches)
- bone marrow
- skin
Which is typically diagnosed with the Reed-Sternberg cell?
Hodgkins. gian cell with ‘owls eye’. It can also pop up with mono so its important to note the node it came from and if it is a ‘reactive’ lymph node architecture if it generally diagnostic. This is why a needle biopsy is not the way to go, they need to biopsy the whole thing if HD is suspected.
Hodgkins is most likely derived from B lymphocytes and commonly stain postiive for what?
CD30 and Fascin
Hodgkin’s is sometimes associated with what infection?
EBV
Hodgkin’s is more prevalent in which gender/age?
Rarely less than 5, peaks in adolescents and more common in males
What are the 2 predominant subtypes of HL?
1) Classic
2) Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (NLPHL)
What do 80% of HL present with?
painless lymphadenopathy. Often supraclavicular or cervical.
In general, if somebody with HL presented with lymphadenopathy in THESE lymph nodes, it would indicate a serious pathologic process
epitrochlear (hollow above elbow) or supraclavicular
In staging HL, what is the difference between A symptoms and B symptoms
A is asymptomatic. B symtpoms include unexplained fevers, night sweats and weight loss.
How do you diagnose HL?
Biopsy lymph node. Remove the entire node.
Which scan is the gold standard for HL?
PET.