4: Childhood Development Flashcards
Dominant growth and development problems often reflect _____ or _____ behavior.
Delayed
Maladaptive
When is the physiological beginning of the school age stage?
Loss of first deciduous teeth.
When is the physiological ending of the school age stage?
Acquisition of last permanent teeth.
What ages are these stages:
Early childhood?
Middle childhood?
Late childhood?
Early childhood: 5–7 years
Middle childhood: 8–10 years
Late childhood: 11–12 years
What are the goals for school age children (5)?
- Lay groundwork for achievement.
- Support self-worth.
- Develop positive self-image.
- Work in and contribute to groups.
- Develop life satisfaction.
School age is a time of immense change, from preschool’s “innocence” to the complexities of adolescence. However, Freud called this period the _____ stage.
Latency
Social status is often based on _____.
Physical competence
Rate of growth increases significantly from _____ to _____.
Toddler to preschool
Growth occurs in spurts and it’s important to monitor. How many inches do they grow/year?
2.5”
How many pounds do children gain/year?
5-7 pounds
When is the head circumference adult size?
By age 12
T/F Organ development is not complete in the school age years.
False
How does the bladder change during these years?
Capacity increases.
How does the heart change during these years?
Becomes smaller in relation to the rest of the body.
How does the immune system change during these years?
Becomes more effective.
How do bones change during these years?
Ossification continues
In middle childhood, myelination continues. When is it complete?
Early adulthood
In middle childhood, cerebral cortex (intelligence) development continues. When is it complete?
Early adulthood
What brain lobe develops last and what does it control?
Frontal lobe. Decision making and problem solving.
Early, middle, or late childhood?
Gross motor skills refined.
Middle Childhood
Early, middle, or late childhood?
Children run, jump climb, skip, throw overhand, alternate foot patterns.
Middle Childhood
Early, middle, or late childhood?
Balance and coordination improve.
Middle Childhood
Early, middle, or late childhood?
Better control and purposeful activity.
Late Childhood
Early, middle, or late childhood?
Increased sense of competition.
Late Childhood
What happens to fine motor skills throughout childhood (4)?
- Finer dexterity and better control of pencil, scissors.
- Independent dressing and self-care.
- More recognizable drawings.
- Improved hand-eye coordination in late childhood.
Language development is closely related to _____ development.
Cognitive
Language patterns provide information about the _____ system.
Neurological
What are the 2 types of language skills?
Receptive
Expressive
Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?
Has well-developed vocabulary with good word-retrieval skills.
6
Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?
Follows simple directions.
6
Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?
Continues to progress in mastering semantics (like sentence structure).
6
Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?
Is fully understood by adults, but may have some stuttering that resolves itself.
6
Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?
Has strong receptive skills.
7
Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?
Is able to organize previous knowledge and express it verbally or in writing.
7
Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?
Masters language decoding, progresses in encoding information.
7
Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?
Is able to solve word problems.
7