4: Childhood Development Flashcards

1
Q

Dominant growth and development problems often reflect _____ or _____ behavior.

A

Delayed

Maladaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When is the physiological beginning of the school age stage?

A

Loss of first deciduous teeth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is the physiological ending of the school age stage?

A

Acquisition of last permanent teeth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What ages are these stages:
Early childhood?
Middle childhood?
Late childhood?

A

Early childhood: 5–7 years
Middle childhood: 8–10 years
Late childhood: 11–12 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the goals for school age children (5)?

A
  1. Lay groundwork for achievement.
  2. Support self-worth.
  3. Develop positive self-image.
  4. Work in and contribute to groups.
  5. Develop life satisfaction.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

School age is a time of immense change, from preschool’s “innocence” to the complexities of adolescence. However, Freud called this period the _____ stage.

A

Latency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Social status is often based on _____.

A

Physical competence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rate of growth increases significantly from _____ to _____.

A

Toddler to preschool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Growth occurs in spurts and it’s important to monitor. How many inches do they grow/year?

A

2.5”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many pounds do children gain/year?

A

5-7 pounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is the head circumference adult size?

A

By age 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F Organ development is not complete in the school age years.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the bladder change during these years?

A

Capacity increases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does the heart change during these years?

A

Becomes smaller in relation to the rest of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does the immune system change during these years?

A

Becomes more effective.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do bones change during these years?

A

Ossification continues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In middle childhood, myelination continues. When is it complete?

A

Early adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In middle childhood, cerebral cortex (intelligence) development continues. When is it complete?

A

Early adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What brain lobe develops last and what does it control?

A

Frontal lobe. Decision making and problem solving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Gross motor skills refined.

A

Middle Childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Children run, jump climb, skip, throw overhand, alternate foot patterns.

A

Middle Childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Balance and coordination improve.

A

Middle Childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Better control and purposeful activity.

A

Late Childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Increased sense of competition.

A

Late Childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happens to fine motor skills throughout childhood (4)?

A
  1. Finer dexterity and better control of pencil, scissors.
  2. Independent dressing and self-care.
  3. More recognizable drawings.
  4. Improved hand-eye coordination in late childhood.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Language development is closely related to _____ development.

A

Cognitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Language patterns provide information about the _____ system.

A

Neurological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 2 types of language skills?

A

Receptive

Expressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Has well-developed vocabulary with good word-retrieval skills.

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Follows simple directions.

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Continues to progress in mastering semantics (like sentence structure).

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is fully understood by adults, but may have some stuttering that resolves itself.

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Has strong receptive skills.

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to organize previous knowledge and express it verbally or in writing.

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Masters language decoding, progresses in encoding information.

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to solve word problems.

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is fully understood by adults, but may have some difficulty with the “th” sound.

A

7

38
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Uses pronouns correctly.

A

8-9

39
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Demonstrates overall syntactic growth.

A

8-9

40
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to understand complex sentences and directions.

A

8-9

41
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to think abstractly.

A

8-9

42
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to tell jokes.

A

8-9

43
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Shows increased vocabulary and understands grammar.

A

8-9

44
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to discuss ideas.

A

10

45
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Understands metaphors.

A

10

46
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Understands inflection.

A

10

47
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Demonstrates concrete operational thinking.

A

10

48
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to analyze and interpret language.

A

10

49
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is more aware of inconsistencies.

A

10

50
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Uses sophisticated concepts.

A

12

51
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Uses grammar correctly.

A

12

52
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Is able to express emotions.

A

12

53
Q

Does this happen at 6, 7, 8-9, 10, or 12 yo?

Uses language as a tool for socialization.

A

12

54
Q

T/F Social and emotional development are difficult challenges during school age development.

A

True. Because children need skills that are still developing.

55
Q

Erikson’s 4th stage of psychosocial development occurs from 5-12 yo. What is it?

A

Industry vs Inferiority

56
Q

What happens during Erikson’s industry vs inferiority stage (7)?

A
  1. Eager to develop skills and participate in meaningful work.
  2. Acquire sense of personal and interpersonal competence.
  3. Develop increasing sense of independence.
  4. Motivated by peer approval.
  5. Relationships centered on same-sex peers.
  6. Derive feelings from self or social environment.
  7. Feel some inferiority regarding skills they cannot master.
57
Q

What are the needed skills for social acceptance (8)?

A
  1. Understanding group rules.
  2. Being socially responsive.
  3. Picking up on social clues.
  4. Being assertive and empathetic.
  5. Understanding meaning of social situations.
  6. Refining role in family.
  7. Separating self from family.
  8. Developing peer relationships.
58
Q

What are the social interaction tasks (6)?

A
  1. Interpreting social cues.
  2. Resolving conflicts.
  3. Separating from family.
  4. Developing and maintaining friendships.
  5. Strengthening sense of self.
  6. Initiating interactions.
59
Q

Piaget’s 3rd cognitive stage happens from 7-11 yo. What is it?

A

Concrete Operational Stage

60
Q

What happens during the Piaget’s concrete operational stage (3)?

A
  1. Use thought processes to experience events and actions.
  2. Understand relationships between things and ideas.
  3. Are able to make judgements based on reason.
61
Q

In early childhood, children transition from _____ thinking (which uses intuitive problem solving) to early _____ thinking.

A

Preoperational

Concrete operational

62
Q

Which thought process, decentration, conservation, seriation, classification, or reversibility?
Ability to focus on more than one aspect of a situation.

A

Decentration

63
Q

Which thought process, decentration, conservation, seriation, classification, or reversibility?
Recognition that some aspects of objects remain the same despite changes in appearance.

A

Conservation

64
Q

Which thought process, decentration, conservation, seriation, classification, or reversibility?
Ability to sequence in order (smallest to largest).

A

Seriation

65
Q

Which thought process, decentration, conservation, seriation, classification, or reversibility?
Ability to group objects based on common characteristics.

A

Classification

66
Q

Which thought process, decentration, conservation, seriation, classification, or reversibility?
Ability to mentally reverse an action.

A

Reversibility

67
Q

What happens during the concrete stage (4)?

A
  1. Egocentricity decreases.
  2. Magical thinking fades.
  3. Empathy develops.
  4. Working toward self-efficacy, competency, and industry.
68
Q

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Understanding multiple variables related to an object.

A

Middle Childhood

69
Q

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Using well-developed concrete operational thinking.

A

Late Childhood

70
Q

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Focusing on more than 1 object and thinking logically.

A

Late Childhood

71
Q

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Processing information.

A

Late Childhood

72
Q

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Organizing thoughts.

A

Late Childhood

73
Q

Early, middle, or late childhood?

Using short- and long-term memory.

A

Late Childhood

74
Q

Does this happen at 6-7 yo, older school-age, or late childhood?
Guided by reward and punishment.

A

6-7

75
Q

Does this happen at 6-7 yo, older school-age, or late childhood?
Can judge actions by intentions.

A

Older School-Age

76
Q

Does this happen at 6-7 yo, older school-age, or late childhood?
Respect authority. Aware of social norms.

A

Late Childhood

77
Q

The ability to reason through difficult situations is dependent on _____ development.

A

Cognitive

78
Q

T/F School-age children do not have the cognitive maturity to cope with all situations.

A

True

79
Q

T/F School environment and home environment have the same rules.

A

False

80
Q

_____ pressures can make it difficult to choose actions that children know are “right.”

A

Social

81
Q

Though magical thinking fades, _____ and _____ develop during school ages.

A

Fantasy

Symbolism

82
Q

T/F This is the age when children form groups, cliques, and clubs.

A

True

83
Q

T/F Rules and rituals are created during the school age stage.

A

True

84
Q

_____ play is encouraged during the school age play.

A

Team

85
Q

T/F School age children gain ability to identify, understand, and manage feelings.

A

True

86
Q

Children should learn impulse control by age _____.

A

7

87
Q

What complex stressors do school age children face (5)?

A
  1. Violence (community/home)
  2. Divorce
  3. Substance abuse
  4. Early responsibilities
  5. Lack of support in school
88
Q

During school age years, who is still the primary influence in shaping a child’s personality, behavior, and value system?

A

Parents

89
Q

During the school age years, what development needs to occur with the parents to allow proper child development (4)?

A
  1. Allowing the child increased freedom and independence.
  2. Seeing school as a system that can evaluate parent effectiveness.
  3. Adjusting family patterns as they develop.
  4. Changing disciplinary methods based on cognitive development.
90
Q

T/F Disciplinary methods should change based on physical development.

A

False. Based on cognitive development.

91
Q

What ages are school age years?

A

5-12