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AQA GCSE Chemistry > 4. Chemical Changes > Flashcards

4. Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is produced when a metal reacts with oxygen?

A

metal + oxygen -> metal oxide

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2
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Gain of oxygen; loss of electrons

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3
Q

What happens to reactivity in terms of electrons?

A

The more easy it is to lose electrons, the more reactive the metal is

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4
Q

Mnemonic for the reactivity series?

A

Please send Charlie monkeys and cute zebras in tall long hard cages most securely guarded please

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5
Q

What is reduction?

A

Loss of oxygen & gain of electrons

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6
Q

What are the products of metal + acid?

A

Salt and hydrogen

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7
Q

What is OILRIG?

A

oxidation is loss, reduction is gain

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8
Q

What can metals more reactive than carbon be extracted using?

A

Electrolysis

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9
Q

What can metals less reactive than carbon be extracted using?

A

Reduction using carbon, coke or charcoal

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10
Q

What can elements less reactive than hydrogen be extracted using?

A

They don’t need extracting - they can occur native

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11
Q

What is displacement?

A

When a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element

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12
Q

How do you work out the relative atomic mass?

A

Multiply each mass number of each isotope by its % abundance

Add together

Divide by 100

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13
Q

What are bases?

A

Substances that react with acids and neutralise them (form a salt and water and sometimes carbon dioxide)

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14
Q

What is a base that is soluble in water also called?

A

An alkali

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15
Q

Are most bases insoluble?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What are acids?

A

Substances that react with water to release H+ ions

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17
Q

What are alkalis?

A

Bases that are soluble in water and react with water to release OH- ions

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18
Q

What some common acids?

A

Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid

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19
Q

What does acid + metal oxide give?

A

Acid + metal oxide -> salt + water

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20
Q

What does acid + metal hydroxide give?

A

Acid + metal hydroxide -> salt + water

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21
Q

What does acid + metal carbonate give?

A

Acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

22
Q

What does acid + ammonia give?

A

Acid + ammonia -> ammonium salt

23
Q

What do acids react with water to give?

A

H+ ions

24
Q

What do bases form when reacting with acids?

A

Salt and water (and sometimes carbon dioxide)

25
Q

What do alkalis release when they react with water?

A

OH- ions

26
Q

What are salts?

A

Ionic substances formed when acids react with bases

27
Q

Does copper react with acid?

A

No

28
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

The process where an ionic substance that is molten or dissolved is broken into elements using electricity

29
Q

What does PANIC stand for?

A

Positive is anode. Negative is cathode

30
Q

What charge is the anode?

A

Positive

31
Q

What charge is the cathode?

A

Negative

32
Q

What charge are anions?

A

Negative

33
Q

What charge are cations?

A

Positive

34
Q

What bonds do elements form at the anode?

A

Covalent

35
Q

How do elements leave the system at the anode?

A

As gaseous diatomic molecules

36
Q

What elements do bonds form at the cathode?

A

Metallic bonds with each other

37
Q

What happens in terms of electrons at the cathode?

A

Each positive ion accepts electrons until it is charged

38
Q

What happens to lost electrons at the anode?

A

They flow around the circuit to the negative electrode

39
Q

Why do substances have to be in a solution or liquid during electrolysis?

A

So ions are free to move

40
Q

What side of the equation do electrons appear on in oxidation?

A

The right hand side

41
Q

What side of the equation do electrons appear on in reduction

A

Left hand side

42
Q

Aluminium oxide -> aluminium + oxygen

Which are the cations and which are the anions?

A

Aluminium ions are cations and oxygen ions are anions

43
Q

What are electrodes made from?

A

Graphite

44
Q

What is used to dissolve aluminium oxide ore?

A

molten cryolite

45
Q

Why does the anode need to be replaced regularly?

A

It heats up and then reacts so breaks down - CO2 will start to be produced

46
Q

What happens to remains of disintegrated anodes?

A

Dismantled and new ones made out of them

47
Q

What does discharges mean?

A

Lost charge

48
Q

Which positive ions are discharged in a solution?

A

Ions lower than hydrogen in the reactivity series

49
Q

What is formed when H+ ions are discharged in electrolysis?

A

H2

50
Q

Which negative ions are discharged in a solution?

A

If the compound contains halide ions they are discharged. If not it’s OH-

51
Q

What is formed when OH- ions are discharged during electrolysis?

A

O2

AQA GCSE Chemistry (10 decks)

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