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GCSE COMBINED chemistry > 4. Chemical changes > Flashcards

4. Chemical changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What method is used to extract metals that are more reactive than Carbon?

A

Electrolysis

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2
Q

What method is used to extract metals that are more reactive than hydrogen, but less reactive than carbon?

A

Reduction with carbon

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3
Q

Define acid in terms of pH

A

A substance with a pH of less than 7

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4
Q

What does (aq) stand for?

A

Aqueous: when something is dissolved in water

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5
Q

State the three common acids and give their formulae

A

Hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq), Sulphuric acid, H?SO?(aq), Nitric acid, HNO?

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6
Q

How do you measure pH?

A

With an indicator or pH probe.

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7
Q

What is a base?

A

A metal oxide, hydroxide or carbonate that will react with an acid. E.g. copper oxide

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8
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble base. E.g. sodium hydroxide

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9
Q

Which ions are always present in a solution of an alkali?

A

OH?

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10
Q

What type of salts are formed by the three main acids?

A

Hydrochloric acid produces chlorides, sulphuric acid = sulphates, nitric acid = nitrates

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11
Q

Which ions always react together in a neutralization reactions between acids and alkalis?

A

H? and OH?

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12
Q

metal + acid ?

A

? salt + hydrogen gas

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13
Q

metal hydroxide + acid ?

A

? salt + water

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14
Q

metal oxide + acid ?

A

? salt + water

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15
Q

metal carbonate + acid ?

A

? salt + water + carbon dioxide

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16
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Using electricity to break down a substance

17
Q

Do positive ions move to the anode or the cathode?

A

Cathode

18
Q

Do negative ions move to the anode or the cathode?

A

Anode

19
Q

In the electrolysis of solutions, what is produced at the cathode?

A

Hydrogen, unless the metal ion present is less reactive

20
Q

In the electrolysis of solutions, what is produced at the anode?

A

Oxygen, unless the other negative ion present is a halide ion

21
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Oxidation is the loss of electrons

22
Q

What is reduction?

A

Reduction is the gain of electrons

23
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

An acid which completely splits up into its ions in water. Eg. HCl

24
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

An acid which will have some molecules which do not split up into their ions. Eg. Ethanoic acid

25
Q

What is a concentrated acid?

A

An acid where there are lots of acid particles in the water.

GCSE COMBINED chemistry (11 decks)

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