4 branches Flashcards
what factors help explain the growth of the bureaucracy
by the end of FDR’s presidency in 1945, many Americans had come to expect federal action on important matters, such areas as education and criminal justice, which had traditionally been the exclusive preserve of state and local governments
15th cabinet why
homeland security, twin towers bombing
whats the 16th going to be
climate change, biochemical, whatever fears you have
citizens need 4 b services
this empowers the 4 branches
slo county liquid wast dept. Richard Lichtenfels supervisor
we need to flush without fear, we need=his power
4 branches have the info
a tool to persuade is power
the mission of 4 branches
gather information and develope expertise to serve citizens
congress president public need information
rely on 4branches for info. this empowers the 4branches
4 branches can
release or withhold information
how does the bureaucracy use information?
to counter the risk of distorted information coming from the bureaucracy, congress gathers its own information through legislative committees and through the Congressional Budget Office and Government Accountability Office.
Because the range of policy issues is so vast Congress must inevitably rely on
officials in the bureaucracy for important information about many public policies
sheep problem go to
USDA economic research service ers. usda.gov. repository of expertise
why delegate
issues are too technical and complex for congress, experts at 4 branches
energy a commerce committee has 20 members and 50 staff can regulate nuclear power?
no, they can’t CREATE USNRC they have 4000 employees
congress writes law in general terms
4 branches fill in details using its expertise, 4 branches make policies
4 branches issues?
rules and regulations
Do rules and regulations from 4 branches have the force of law?
yes! that’s power!
example of 4 branch FCC radio cable law
to complex for congress
delegated legal authority can fine 10 to 30 thousand dollars and we have our own courts no chance to win
oversight of 4branches controlling
all 3 branches have a role in overseeing
president
chief executive
congress
provides the money
courts
interpretation
President and congress need help with oversight
watchdogs
presidents watch dogsOMB and news agency
congress watchdog GAO
OMB has 600 employees GAO has 5000 why so small
small for a reason need to maintain loyalty
how are watchdogs doing
very effective, criticized for financial audits and need more people
effects of war
was huge
lessons of war
- US powers has limits
- Eroded respect for US institutions.
congress who will serve becomes a downward spiral - opportunity costs 1 trillion
why is Nixon so high in international relations?
reduced cold war tensions with USSR and China many Americans want to forget war
what is a moral authority
stand up in front of America as a moral example Kennedy verser Clinton
independent regulatory committee
not under the control of the president or department
patronage or spoils system
a system that rewards the supporters of successful political candidates with gov jobs while firing supporters of opposing party
January 1973Nixon agrees to a ceasefire
March 73 last troops come home
promises s. Vietnam full force against North Vietnam
after decent interval north invasion to the south
request help no congress and president
evacuation crisis 2-3 million svn only 130000 made it
Carter pardons
210,000 draft evaders
why no direct pardon power
people wrongly convicted president needs to show mercy
GAO
government accountability office
politics on anti-communism
most profound force at the time
pink equals
soft on communism tricky dick Nixon won 60% of the vote
why did johnson escalate the war
enormous political pressure to they’d impeach him if he didn’t Nixon and Goldwater raising hell about it not tough enough to fight communism
johnson wanted
the great society like the new deal, not a wider war
why have a tape recorder in the oval office
to remember deal-making and writing a book memories
Taylor ambassador advises LBJ twice to strike
he turns him down shows restraint in the film
in the article, LBJ is escalated for war
LBJ inherits war
from Truman Eisenhower and Kennedy deepened
