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AGRI 41 > 4 - biology of insects > Flashcards

4 - biology of insects Flashcards

1
Q

young stages of insects are __________ (size), __________ (wings), and ____________________ (reproduction).

A

small,
wingless,
reproductively immature

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2
Q
  1. the process of shedding of the exoskeleton is called what?
  2. what is the other term for molting?
A
  1. molting
  2. ecdysis
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3
Q
  1. What is apolysis?
  2. Which occurs first: apolysis or ecdysis?
A
  1. apolysis is the process of separation of the exoskeleton form the underlying epidermis
  2. apolysis
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4
Q

the growth stage between each molt is called __________ and the duration of it is termed as __________.

A

instar; stadium

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5
Q

the insect’s old exoskeleton is called a what? also give its plural form.

A

exuvia; exuviae

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6
Q

it is the development from a noncellular zygote into a cellular embryo allowing the organism to progress into the larval stage

A

egg

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7
Q

the active feeding stages

A

immature stages

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8
Q

the immature stage of holometabolous insects

A

larva

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9
Q

three types of larva

A

polypod, oligopod, apodous

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10
Q

type of larva with cylindrical bodies with short thoracic legs and abdominal prolegs

A

polypod larva

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11
Q

other term for prolegs

A

pseudopods

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12
Q

larva that lacks abdominal prolegs but have functional thoracic legs and frequently prognathous mouthparts

A

oligopod larva

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13
Q

larva that lack true legs, are worm-like or maggot-like, and live in soil, mud, dung, decaying plant or animal matter, or within the bodies of other organisms as parasitoids

A

apodous larva

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14
Q

immature stages of hemimetabolous insects

A

nymph

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15
Q

Does the body of the nymph already resembles that of the adult? Or does it have to undergo significant changes and enter a pupal stage before reaching adult stage?

A
  1. nymphs resemble adults, just smaller
  2. it only undergoes gradual changes and does not enter a pupal stage
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16
Q

nymphs of aquatic insects

A

naiads

17
Q

stage of tissue reorganization

A

pupa

18
Q

two types of pupa

A

decticous ; adecticous

19
Q

type of pupa with movable mandibles

A

decticous

20
Q

type of pupa with non-movable mandibles and could be further divided into two depending on the mobility of its appendages

A

adecticous

21
Q

adecticous pupa where its appendages project freely from the body

A

exarate

22
Q

adecticous pupa where its appendages are cemented to the body and the cuticle is often heavily sclerotized

A

obtect

23
Q

stage responsible for reproduction and is the dispersal stage in most group of insects

A

adult stage

24
Q

a biological process where an animal develops physically after birth or hatching and abrupt changes in the body structure occurs through cell growth and differentiation.

A

metamorphosis

25
Q

give the other term for the following types of metamorphosis:

  1. no metamorphosis
  2. gradual metamorphosis
  3. incomplete metamorphosis
  4. complete metamorphosis
A

ametabola,
paurometabola,
hemimetabola,
holometabola

26
Q

earliest insect forms showed direct development known as __________. some of these early insects are still present today such as __________ and __________.

A

ametabolism,
bristletails,
silverfish

27
Q

give three insects that are paurometabolous

A

cockroaches, grasshoppers, true bugs

28
Q

Phylogenetically, insects under __________ basically undergo changes in form, texture, and physical appearance.

A

Pterygota

29
Q

AMETABOLOUS / NO-METAMORPHOSIS:

  1. insects emerge from eggs as __________ (immature form)
  2. they resemble the adults except for the __________ __________.
  3. do they undergo any changes in their body structures?
  4. compare the feed and habitat of the immature and the adult insects
  5. give examples of insects that exhibit this type of metamorphosis
A
  1. juvenile
  2. underdeveloped genitalia
  3. no; they only get bigger, no changes at all
  4. same feed and habitat
  5. Apterygotes, Thysanura (silverfish, firebrats)
30
Q

PAUROMETABOLOUS / GRADUAL METAMORPHOSIS:

  1. three stages that occur
  2. immatures resemble the adults but can be distinguished by the presence of __________ and __________ __________
  3. compare the feed and habitat of immatures and adults
  4. habitat: normally __________, but can be __________
  5. examples of insects that exhibit this development type
A
  1. egg, nymph, larva
  2. wing pads ; underdeveloped genitalia
  3. same feed, same habitat
  4. terrestrial ; aquatic
  5. Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Phthiraptera
31
Q

HEMIMETABOLOUS / INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS

  1. used to be under paurometabolous but it became its own category because…?
  2. three stages
  3. does the immature resemble the adult?
  4. compare the habitat of the immature to the adult
  5. special body parts or organs that allow aquatic respiration
  6. give examples of insects with this type of development
A
  1. …because it specifies whether the adult will occupy a aquatic, semi-aquatic, or terrestrial habitat
  2. egg, nymph, adult
  3. no
  4. different habitats
  5. external wing pads, tracheal gills
  6. Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, Odonata
32
Q

HOLOMETABOLOUS / COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS

  1. four distinct life stages
  2. this is a shared character trait by all insects under the __________ __________.
  3. compare the form, feed, and habitat of the larva to the adult
  4. compare the function of the larva to the adult
  5. what is the quiescent stage
  6. examples of insects with this metamorphosis?
A
  1. egg, larva, pupa, adult
  2. superorder Endopterygota
  3. different form; may or may not have the same diet; may or may not have the same habitat
  4. larva: feeding, growth, development ; adult: dispersal, reproduction
  5. pupa
  6. Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera
33
Q

OTHER REPRODUCTION:

1) male and female mate, and the female produces eggs
2) female either lay eggs (__________) or lay live youngs (__________)

A
  1. Bisexual reproduction
  2. oviparity ; viviparity
34
Q

OTHER PRODUCTION:

1) reproduction without fertilization of the egg cell, thus no males are required
2) insects exhibiting this type of reproduction?

A
  1. Parthenogenesis
  2. aphids
35
Q

OTHER REPRODUCTION:

1) phenomenon in which more than one young hatch from one egg
2) example?

A
  1. Polyembryony
  2. braconid wasp (Hymenoptera)
36
Q

OTHER REPRODUCTION:

1) Larva also reproduces
2) example?

A
  1. Paedogenesis
  2. some Hymenoptera

AGRI 41 (6 decks)

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