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Spring '14-133 Quiz 6 > 4/8 Infants and Toddlers Who Have Hearing Loss > Flashcards

4/8 Infants and Toddlers Who Have Hearing Loss Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for hearing loss in infants and toddlers?

A
  • Family history
  • Low birth weight
  • Low Apgar scores
  • In utero infection
  • Ototoxic medications
  • Ventilator use for more than five days
  • Craniofacial anomalies
  • Syndrome
  • Meningitis
  • Hyperbilirubinemia
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2
Q

T/F: 3 children per 1000 have sensorineural hearing loss as a birth defect?

A

true

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3
Q

T/F: An additional six per 1000 children acquire sensorinueral hearing loss as a birth defect by school-age

A

true

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4
Q

When looking at pre-lingual hearing loss, what age range is critical for speech & language dev.?

A

Birth - 3 years

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5
Q

What does UNHS stand for?

A

Universal Newborn Hearing Screening

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6
Q

What is the protocol for the Universal Newborn Hearing Screening ?

A

Pass or Refer

False-negative pass screening, but has hearing loss

Refer for complete audiological exam –> False-positive fail screening, but pass exam

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7
Q

Discuss the research done by Yoshinaga-Itano et al., 1998, 2001

A

Four of five identified via UNHS

When hearing loss identified by six months or age or younger, they experience better language, speech, and social-emotional skills

Better language means less parental stress

Language similar to nonverbal cognitive development

Language development –> Low to average through five years of age

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8
Q

When evaluating hearing, what is the method dependent upon?

A

The child’s age

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9
Q

How many times should we do follow-up testing?

A
  • 2 - 4 times /year
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10
Q

Who counsels parents about test results?

A

Aud

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11
Q

What are non-behavioral testing?

A

Otoscopy

Tympanometry

Acoustic Reflex

Auditory Brainstem Response

Otoacoustic Emission

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12
Q

What does ABR stand for? & what does this include?

A

Auditory Brainstem Response

Electrophysiological that elicits brainwave activity

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13
Q

What is the most comprehensive test for identifying infants?

A

Auditory Brainstem Response

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14
Q

Who is ABR performed on?

A

Sleeping children

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15
Q

What is ABR measured in terms of?

A

Latency

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16
Q

Within ABR, what does wave V correlates to ______ to ______HZ?

A

1500 - 4000 Hz

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17
Q

What does OAE stand for?

A

Otoacoustic Emissions

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18
Q

What does OAE include?

A
  • Spontaneously emitted sound
  • Screen for newborns other than audiologist
  • Pass/Refer
  • Tests 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 Hz
  • Record OAEs for hearing better than 30 to 40 dB
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19
Q

What is BOA? & What is another name for BOA?

A
  • Behavioral Observation Audiometry

- Auditory Behavior Index (ABI)

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20
Q

What does BOA include?

A
  • Observation of child’s response to sound
  • Does not test hearing threshold
  • Responses vary amongst babies
  • Habituation to sound
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21
Q

What does VRA stand for? What does this encompass?

A
  • Visual Reinforcement Audiometry
  • Six months to two and one-half years of age
  • Able to obtain individual ear information
  • Based on operant-conditioned response
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22
Q

T/F: VRA includes the observation of child’s natural tendency to turn to sound?

A

True & Spontaneous head turn positively reinforced

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23
Q

What does CPA stand for? & what type of behavior will we observe?

A
  • Conditioned Play Audiometry

- “Wait & listen” behavior

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24
Q

When is the prenatal onset?

A

Occurs before birth

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25
Q

What is the perinatal onset?

A

Occurs at birth

26
Q

What is the postnatal onset?

A

Occurs after birth

27
Q

What is Non-Genetic Causes?

A
  • Intrauterine infection
  • Rh-factor complications
  • Pre-maturity
  • Maternal diabetes
  • Parental radiation
  • Toxemia
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Anoxia
  • Syphilis
28
Q

What does Intrauterine infection consist of?

A
  • Member of herpes virus
  • Common virus infecting adults
  • First exposure during pregnancy high risk for infant
  • Babies born asymptomatic
  • Microcephaly
29
Q

What are genetic causes?

A
  • Half of congenital hearing loss
  • Modes
  • Syndromic vs. non-syndromic
  • Configuration of audiogram
  • Bilateral vs. unilateral
  • Progression of hearing loss
  • Affect on vestibular system
30
Q

What does modes consist of?

A
  • autosomal dominant
  • autosomal recessive
  • x-linked
31
Q

What is a syndrome that is autosomal dominant?

A

Waardenburg

32
Q

What is the syndrome that is autosomal recessive?

A

Usher’s

33
Q

What is the syndrome that is x-linked?

A

Alport

34
Q

What are other disabilities?

A
  • Cognitive delays
  • Vision impairment
  • Learning disabilities
  • Attention deficit disorder
35
Q

What does CAPD stand for and was is it?

A
  • Central Auditory Processing Disorder
  • Central cause
  • Not peripheral hearing loss
  • Transmission of signal from brainstem to cerebrum
  • May or may not know cause
  • Difficult to diagnose
36
Q

What are the behaviors associated with CAPD?

A

Difficulty with:

  • Localizing sound
  • Auditory discrimination
  • Recognizing auditory pattern
  • Associating meaning to sound
  • Listening in noise
  • Understanding distorted signal
  • Music rhythm and melody
  • Auditory memory
37
Q

What does auditory neuropathy affect? & what type of hearing loss is there?

A
  • peripheral auditory system

- mold to moderate

38
Q

Within auditory neuropathy, is there OAEs present?

A

Yes

39
Q

T/F: ABR is absent or abnormal in auditory neuropathy

A

True

40
Q

In auditory neuropathy will clients have great speech recognition skills?

A

No, they will have poor speech recognition skills

41
Q

Individuals with what disorder may exhibit a mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss with speech-recognition abilities disproportionate to the degree of hearing loss?

A

Auditory Neuropathy or Auditory Dys-Synchrony

42
Q

What is neuropathy?

A

A disconnection between the peripheral hearing mechanism and the central mechanism.

43
Q

What is Auditory Dys-Synchrony?

A

A dysfunction of the connection between the peripheral hearing mechanism and the central hearing mechanism.

44
Q

When is it good to provide counseling for parents?

A
  • Diagnosis at or soon after birth
  • Deaf babies with deaf parents
  • Deaf babies with hearing parents
  • Audiologist may serve as counselor
  • Initial reactions of shock, denial, and grief
  • Guilt and anger may follow denial
  • Acceptance
  • Begin working with hearing loss
45
Q

What does FAPE stand for? & who was it intended for?

A
  • Free & appropriate Public Education

- 3 to 18 yrs old

46
Q

What are IDEA provisions?

A
  • Identification
  • Evaluation
  • Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
  • Parents as participants
  • Related services
  • Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
  • Private school placement
  • Early intervention and preschool
  • Due process
  • Advisory board
  • Funds
  • Records
47
Q

What does IFSP stand for?

A

Individualized Family Service Plan

48
Q

What does the IFSP include?

A
  • Early intervention services for birth to three years of age
  • Alta Regional Center
  • Emphasis on family involvement in process
49
Q

What does the IFSP state?

A
  • Child’s levels of development
  • Family concerns, priorities, and resources
  • Outcomes and progress monitoring
  • Intervention services and how often provided
  • Environment providing early intervention (EI) services
  • Medical home
  • Start date and duration of services
  • Service coordinator
  • Plan for transitioning to preschool
50
Q

What are two communication modes?

A
  • ASL
  • Manually coded English
  • Aural/Oral language
  • Multiple-sensory approach
  • Unisensory
  • Cued speech
51
Q

What does amplification consist of?

A
  • Fit HAs as soon as hearing loss identified
  • Typically fit BTEs and use ALDs
  • Verify fitting with real-ear measurements (RECD)
  • Parents learn listening check
  • May be able to perform speech testing by three years of age
52
Q

What are the tests for validation?

A
  • Early Listening Function (ELF)

- Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS)

53
Q

When do you schedule a follow-up visit after a HA fitting?

A

One month

54
Q

How often do you schedule follow-up visits in the first year?

A

Every 2 - 3 months

55
Q

How often do you schedule follow-up visits after the first year?

A

Every 4 - 6 months

56
Q

What are a few other things you want to do during a follow-up visit?

A
  • Assess unaided hearing - to make sure you are getting accurate results
  • Assess aided responses
  • Ensure functionality of devices
57
Q

In 1990, cochlear implants were approved for who?

A

children

58
Q

What type of recipients perform better with cochlear implants?

A

Younger

59
Q

T/F: Cochlear implants were approved for 12 mod of age with profound loss?

A

true

60
Q

T/F: Cochlear implants were approved for 18+ mod with severe to profound loss?

A

true

61
Q

What is the protocol for cochlear implants?

A
  • Parents contact CI program
  • Audiologist counsels parents
  • Evaluate hearing, auditory skills,
  • HA benefit, and communication
  • Schedule and perform surgery
  • Conduct initial CI fitting
  • Mapping
  • Schedule regular follow-up visits
  • Initiate AR program
  • CHATT Center
62
Q

What is a type of early intervention?

A

Family selects the program:

  • Home-based
  • Center-based

Spring '14-133 Quiz 6 (1 decks)

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