4 Flashcards by Adiyxn XYZ

Phys: what does a step up transformer do

It increases pd and reduces current

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Phys: what does a step down transformer do

It decrease pd and increases current

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Phys: what is velocity

It is a vector quantity that measures speed and distance.

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Phys: what is a scalar quantity

It is a quantity measured solely by one value

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Phys: what is the equation for work done

W = F x D

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Phys: what is the equation for spring constant

Force / extension

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Phys: what is the equation for elastic potential energy

0.5 x k x e^2 (half x spring constant x extension squared)

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Phys: what happens to resistance in parallel

It is smaller than the smallest resistor

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Phys: what happens to current in parallel

Current splits among the loops based upon the resistances of the components
If one loop has a resistance of 6 ohms and one a resistance of 3 and the total current is 3A, the first loop has 2A and the second 1A

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Phys: what happens to p.d. in parallel

P.d. Is constant among the loops

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Phys: what happens to current in series

Current is constant

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Phys: what happens to p.d. In series

P.d. Is shared among the components

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Phys: what happens to resistance in series

It is a sum if the resistors

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Phys: what is electrical work done

It is the work done when current flows, its equation is E = VIT

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Phys: how many electrons in one coloumb

6.24 x 10^18 electrons

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Phys: what is current

The rate of flow of charge

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Phys: what is potential difference

It is a measure of work done / energy transferred, per coloumb of charge

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Phys: which direction does conventional current flow (SKIP

Anti clockwise ( NOTE; I DONT THICK THIS ACTUALLY MATTERS BC ITS GOES POS - NEG SO IT DEPENDS OF THE WAY THE BATTERY IS FACING: Adi)

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Phys: how is resistance caused in a wire

The electrons collide with he side of the wire or on the metal ions in the wire because the electrons do not take a straight path

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Phys: what is ohms law and name one ohmic conductor

Current is directly proportional to resistance, a reisstor follows ohms law

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Phys: what is direct potential differnece

P.d. With a constant polarity

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Phys: what is alternating p.d.

P.d. Polarity keeps switching

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Phys: what is mains electricity in hz and p.d.

50Hz alternating p.d. And 230v

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Phys: what is chemical energy stored in

The bonds in the atoms

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Phys: what is activity

The amount of deacys per second

Phys: what is a bequerel

Bq it is the unit of activity

Phys: what is a half life

The avarage time taken for half of the radioactive nuclei to decay

Phys: what is the equation for latent heat

Energy/mass

Phys: what is latent heat

The energy required to change a substances state without changing its temeprature

Phys: what is specific heat capacity

The energy required to change the temp of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree C

Phys: what is nuclear fusion

Is is where small nuclei form larger particles

Phys: during fusion what elements and what else is produced

Deuterium, tritium, helium is produced and one neutron

Phys: what is binding energy

The energy required to remove a particle from a system

Phys: what is sublimation

When a substance changes state from solid to gas without becoming a liquid

Phys: what is the specific heat capacity of water

4200 j/kg°C

Phys: what materials are attracted by magnets

Magnetic (cobalt nickel iron) or charged objects

Phys: what is conventional current

Current flowing from pos to neg

Phys: define half life in 3 ways

- time for activity to half - time for count rate to half - time for number of radioactive isotopes to decay

Phys: how do you calculate rate on a curve

Draw a tangent and do change in y over change in x

Phys: what is activity (equation)

Number of decays / time, measured in Bq

Phys: explain how you get an electric shock from a live wire

- You complete the circuit by grounding it - there is a potential difference between you and the wire - current flows through you

Phys: define electric fields, what direction does it go

The region around a charged particle where another charged particle will feel a force, it goes from positive to negative, or in a positive charge outward

Phys: define velocity

The speed in a certain direction

Phys: define induced magnet

It is an object that is a magnet when it is in a magneti field

Phys: what is a GJ

Billion joules

Phys: describe the process of nuclear fission

- uranium NUCLEUS - absorbs a neutron - becomes unstable and splits, forming 2 smaller daughter nuclei of similar size - releases 2 or 3 neutrons gamma rays and some mass converted to energy

Phys: what is the equation for charge

Q = I x t

Phys: what is the equation for electrical energy

E = Q x V

Phys: what happens to an LDR when light intensity increases

Resistance decreases Current increases

Phys: what happens to a thermistor when heat increases

Resistance decreases Current increases

Phys: what is faster to cool down, high or low specific heat capacity

Low

Phys what is slower to cool down, high or low specific heat capacity

High

Phys: what happens in beta decay

One neutron splits into a proton and an electron, this increases the charge of the nucleus, the proton number goes up

Phys: if you touch a van de Graf generator what charge do you gain

The same charge as the generator

Phys: what is the average range for human reaction speed

0.2 to 0.9

Phys: what is the equation for stopping distance

Stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance

Phys: What affect does mass have on breaking distance

Greater mass = greater Ke, means it takes **longer** to stop with the same friction and speed

Phys: what equation links resistance, power and current

P = I^2R

Phys: what equation links power, current and voltage

P = IV

Phys: what equation links voltage current and resistance

V = IR

Phys: what is the equation for Ke

Ke = 1/2 x mass x velocity^2

Phys: what is the equation for elastic potential energy

Epe = 1/2 x constant x extension^2

Phys: what is the equation for GPE

GPE = M x H x G ( Mass X Hight X Gravity )

Phys: what is the equation that links charge, time and current

Charge = current x time Q = It

phys: who came up with the plum pudding model, when?

JJ thompson, 1897

phys: who thought the atom was a nucleus with all of the posotive charge in the center and a cloud of neagtive charge, when

Ernest Rutherford, 1909

phys: who came up with the idea that electrons were in shells with orbits, and when?

Niels Bohr, 1913

phys: who came up with the idea of protons, when?

Rutherford, 1919

phys: who came up with the idea of neutrons and when

James Chadwick, 1932

phys: what are the 4 properties of solids

- the most dence of the states of matter - in a regular arrangement - particles vibrate around a fixed position - they have strong intermolecular forces of attraction

phys: what are the 4 properties of liquids

- they are less dence than a solid - they are in an irregular arrangement - particles can flow over and around eachother - they have weaker intermolecular forces of attraction than solids

phys: what are the 4 properties of gases

- they have an irregular arrangement - they are in constant random motion - **no** intermolecular forces of attraction - it has the lowest dencity of the states of matter and there are large gaps between the atoms

Phys: what is the equation for latent heat

Energy/mass

Phys: what are the 2 parts of the internal store

- Ke of the particles due to their movement (temp) - potential energy due to their position (state)

Phys: what is the device used to measure the volume of a irregular shaped object

eureka can

Phys: what is a rheostat

It is a type of variable resistor

phys: is force vector or scalar

vector

Phys: How to calculate half life

Half life = 0.693/decay constant

Phys: in mains electricity what colour is the live wire

Brown

Phys: in mains electricity what colour is the neutral wire

Blue

Phys: in mains electricity what colour is the earth wire

Green and yellow

Phys: what wire is connected to the fuse in plug

Live

Phys: what is 2.55 +/- 0.1 g/cm^3

Lower bound: 2.45 Upper bound: 2.65

Phys: why is a mean more accurate

Becuse it reduces the affect or random errors

Phys: what does the inside of a plug look like

Phys: define a closed system

A system that experiences no net change in its total energy when energy transfers occur within it

Phys: what happens when a student touches a positively charged van de Graf generator

The gain the same charge as it because **electrons are transferred**

Phys: what material will beta radiation not penetrate

Aluminium **sheet**

Phys: how far can alpha radiation travel in air

~3cm

Phys: why does pressure increase in a syringe when it s plunger is pushed

- air particles are closer together - freq of collisions between particles and syringe will increase - large force for smaller area means higher pressure.

Phys: define efficiency

The proportion of energy transferred efficiently

Ph6s: what is speed

Is is a scalar magnitude that measures speed without a direction

Phys: what did Bohr add to the atomic model

Energy levels