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CSci > 4 > Flashcards

4 Flashcards

1
Q

Network

A
  • Arrangement of 2 or more computers that are connected to share resources and data
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2
Q

A network allows users to

A
  • Share data files with each other
  • Share hardware devices such as printers
  • Communicate with each other
  • Share an internet connection and internet services
  • Work together using web-based software
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3
Q

LAN

A
  • Local area network
  • Covers a small geographical area, one site or home
  • Allows devices connected to share things with each other
  • Privately owned by single organisation or household
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4
Q

WAN

A
  • Wide area network
  • Covers a larger geographical area
  • Connects many LANs together
  • Owned by external telecommunication companies
  • The internet is the world largest WAN
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5
Q

Network speed: bandwidth

A
  • The capacity of a network
  • The maximum volume of data that can be transferred per second
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6
Q

Network speed: latency

A
  • The time between the data being transmitted and the moment it reaches its destination
  • Often referred to as ‘lag’
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7
Q

Data transfer rate

A
  • The speed at which data is transmitted from one device and is measured in bits per second
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8
Q

Wired transmission media

A
  • Copper wire - electric pulses
  • Unshielded twisted pair - four thin copper wires covered in plastic insulation that are twisted together to help reduce interferrence
  • Fibre optic - light pulses
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9
Q

Copper vs fibre optic: how it works

A
  • Copper: electrical pulses
  • Fibre: pulses of light
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10
Q

Copper vs fibre optic: range

A
  • Copper: short, up to 100 metres
  • Fibre: long distances with no loss of signal strength
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11
Q

Copper vs fibre optic: speed

A
  • Copper: up to 10 Gbps
  • Fibre: up to 100 Gbps
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12
Q

Copper vs fibre optic: latency

A
  • Copper: High as copper is susceptible to interference + latency increases the further it travels
  • Fibre: Low as data trasmission is less subject to interference
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13
Q

Copper vs fibre optic: uses

A
  • Copper: Used to connect devices on a WAN
  • Fibre: Used to connect LANs together to form wans and provide broadband services to private homes and businesses
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14
Q

Fibre to the cabinet (FTTC)

A
  • Fibre optic calbes run from the nearest telephone exchange to a green cabinet in the street
  • The final stretch from the cabinet to a customer’s home or business being connected by copper cable
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15
Q

Fibre to the premises (FTTP)

A
  • Much faster broadband connection as the entire connection is fibre
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16
Q

Wireless transmission media

A
  • Not a physical conductor, but radio waves, microwaves or infrared signals
  • WiFi is a widely used type of wireless network technology
17
Q

Bluetooth

A
  • Works at distances up to 10 meters
  • Between a wireless mous and a laptop
18
Q

Zigbee

A
  • Uses low-power radio waves
  • Can connect thousands of IoT devices with radio transmitters/receivers embedded within them
19
Q

Radio-frequency identification (RFID)

A
  • Uses electromagnetic fields to identify and track tags attached to objects
  • A radio transmitter/receiver is embedded in each tag
20
Q

Near field communication (NFC)

A
  • Uses electromagnetic fields to create a high-speed connection between two devices in very close proximity
  • Most commonly useed in contactless payment systems
  • Don’t need power supply
  • Powered by electromagnetic field produced by the reader
21
Q

Advantages and disadvantages: bus topology

A

Advantages:
* It is relatively cheap to install - little cabling needed
* If one node fails, the rest can still communicate
* Easy to add extra devices to the network
Disadvantages
* If the cable is cut or damaged, the whole netowrk stops functioning
* The more devices, the more collisions, therefore the slower it will run
* All nodes on the network ‘see’ traffic - this may be a security risk

22
Q

Advantages and disadvantages: star topology

A

Advantages:
* If one node fails, the rest can still function
* A damaged cable doesn’t stop the network from working, just the device connected to it
* Data traffic only goes to recipient, therefore secure
* Easy to locate faults
* Nodes can be added or removed without having to take the whole network offline
Disadvantages
* If the central node fails, the whole netowrk stops functioning
* Network performance depends on the capacity of the central node
* A lot of cabling is required, making it difficult and expensive to set up

23
Q

Advantages and disadvantages: mesh topology

A

Advantages:
* If one node fails, the rest can still function
* Very high performance - each node is connected to others
* Any number of nodes can be added easiy
* Nodes can be added or removed without having to take the whole network offline
Disadvantages
* Difficult and expensive to set up

24
Q

IP address

A
  • Internet protocol
  • A set of rules governing data transfer on the internet
25
Q

Packet switching

A
  • Each data packet is tagged with the IP address of the recipient and travels there independently
  • When all the packets have arrived at their destination, they are reassembled in the correct order
26
Q

Process of sending data

A
  • Data is split into packets according to agreed set of protocols
  • Header is attached to each packet
  • Packets are forwared by a router on the network to the ISP
  • The ISP’s router inspects the packet header to find the destination address
  • Packets are sent on the paths with least traffic
  • Once it arrives at its destination, the checksum formula is applied to the data
  • Once all the packets have reached the destinatino it uses the same set of agreed protocols to reassemble them in the correct order
27
Q

Header contains:

A
  • IP address of source
  • IP address of destination
  • Sequence number of packets
  • Total number of packets
  • Checksum
28
Q

Body contains:

A
  • Data
29
Q

Footer

A

End of packet flag

30
Q

TCP/IP stack

A
  • Sets out exactly how data is to be formatted and transmitted across networks
31
Q

Application layer

A
  • Defines how various user services operate
32
Q

Transport layer

A
  • Establishes a channel between the source and destination devices to transfer the data along

CSci (4 decks)

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