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CTS > 4 > Flashcards

4 Flashcards

1
Q

How is a sound wave formed

A

Vibration moving compressible medium (air) and radiating alternating waves of compression and rarefaction

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2
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance between two points that occur at the same place in a cycle

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3
Q

Zero-reference line or reference levels

A

The center line which represents molecules at rest position

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4
Q

Frequency

A

The number of wave cycles occurring in the period of a second. Measured in hertz (Hz).

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5
Q

What is the spectrum of human hearing?

A

20Hz to 20kHz

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6
Q

Harmonics

A

Additional vibrations to a fundamental frequency

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7
Q

________ are used for quantifying differences in measurements of voltage, power, distance, or sound pressure.

A

Decibels

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8
Q

A measurement of the amount of data or a signal that can pass through a system during a given time interval

A

Bandwidth

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9
Q

As technological limitations of signal sampling rates have progressively been overcome, pro audio applications tend to use higher sample rates to capture more subtle waveform variations in the source signal. What are these sample rates?

A

48kHz, 96kHz, or 192kHz

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10
Q

CD audio is set at 16 bps. To reduce quantization errors, these bps measurements are employed in many professional audio applications.

A

24 bps or 32 bps

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11
Q

PCM, AIFF, MPEG, HDMI audio, AES3, and WAV are examples of what kind of audio data formats?

A

Uncompressed

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12
Q

A branch of science that focuses on the qualities and characteristics of sound waves

A

Acoustics

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13
Q

___ ___ __ ____________ __ ______ tells us that total energy neither increases or decreases in any process

A

The law of conservation of energy

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14
Q

When sound energy encounters a surface or room boundary, some combination of these three things will happen

A

Reflection, absorption, transmission

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15
Q

As energy reflects off more surfaces around a room, the listener begins to receive reflected energy from all directions. When the energy level remains high and the reflections become dense in relation to one another, this is called:

A

Reverberation

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16
Q

What is transduction?

A

The conversion of energy from one form to another

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17
Q

A microphone with a diaphragm attached to a moveable coil of wire located in a magnetic field.

A

Dynamic microphone

18
Q

The very low-level signal from a microphone. Typically only a few millivolts.

A

Mic level

19
Q

Also called a capacitor mic, a microphone that transduces sound into electricity using capacitive properties

A

Condenser mic

20
Q

A type of microphone using a pre-polarized material which is applied to the mics diaphragm or backplate

A

Electret mic

21
Q

Mechanical devices built directly onto silicon chips using the same fabrication processes as microprocessors and memory systems

A

Microelectromechanical systems, or MEMS

22
Q

Remote power used to power a range of audio devices

A

Phantom power

23
Q

This term is used to describe mic’s directional capabilities

A

Polar pattern

24
Q

This characteristic defines electrical output signal level given a reference sound input level

A

Sensitivity

25
Q

What is frequency response?

A

The mic or loudspeaker’s electrical output throughout the audible frequency spectrum.

26
Q

____________ turns mic level into a more robust line level before the signal is processed

A

Preamp

27
Q

Electronic signal amplification

A

Gain

28
Q

Attenuation

A

To reduce amplitude of signal or current

29
Q

____ _______ refers to the general ability to make adjustments to the signal levels

A

Gain adjustments

30
Q

What is unity gain?

A

The lack of gain and attenuation to a signal. It means the signal is passing through the audio system without any changes to its level.

31
Q

How sound moved through the air is called ___________

A

Propagation

32
Q

Which of the following does 0dB SPL describe?
A. The threshold of human hearing
B. Ambient noise level
C. The threshold of pain
D. Normal listening level

A

A. The threshold of human hearing

33
Q

A “just noticeable” change in SPL, either louder or softer, requires a change of how many dB?

A

+/-3dB

34
Q

The properties or qualities of a room or building that determine how sound is transmitted and reflected. The study of the properties of sound.

A

Acoustics

35
Q

The audio signal ends up in a ______ _______ before being converted into an electrical signal.

A

Output device

36
Q

The simultaneous use of multiple wireless microphone systems requires ________ ____________.

A

Frequency coordination

37
Q

What is a crossover?

A

An electronic device that separates the frequency bands of an audio signal so that each driver in a multi driver loudspeaker system is sent only those frequencies that it will transduce accurately.

38
Q

Audio processor that:
•reduces the level of all signals above an adjustable threshold
•reduces the variation between the highest and lowest signal levels
•can be used to prevent signal distortion

A

Compressor

39
Q

Audio processor that:
•limits the level of all signals above an adjustable threshold
•is used to prevent damage to components such as loudspeakers
•are triggered by peaks in audio signal like a dropped microphone
•essentially extreme compression

A

Limiter

40
Q

Audio processor that:
•Reduce the level of all signals below an adjustable threshold
•Increases variation between highest and lowest signal levels, resulting in increased dynamic range
•are used for reducing unwanted background noise

A

Expander

41
Q

Audio processor that:
•can be thought of as extreme downward expander
•mute the level of all signals below an adjustable threshold
•can be used to automatically turn off unused mics

A

Gate

CTS (2 decks)

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