3rd Year Flashcards
Name 3 causes of unilateral hilar enlargement
Bronchial carcinoma TB Lymphoma Metastatic lymph node Atypical sarcoidosis
Name 3 causes of lung mass
Bronchial carcinoma Pulmonary mets Round pneumonia Lung hamartoma Rheumatoid nodule Lung abscess
3 causes of bilateral hilar enlargement
Sarcoidosis
Lymphoma
Pulmonary hypertension
Metastatic
Name 3 causes of microcytic anaemia
Iron deficiency
Chronic disease
Thalassaemia
3 causes of macrocytic anaemia
Vit B / folate deficiency
Alcohol consumption
Hypothyroidism
3 causes of normocytic anaemia
Chronic disease
Haemolytic anaemia
Acute blood loss
3 causes of haemolytic anaemia
Autoimmune hot/cold
Mechanical heart valve
Transfusion / drug reaction
3 causes of polycythaemia
Dehydration
Hypoxia
Incr erythropoietin
What is alpha-fetal protein
Liver cancer
Testicular cancer
What is CEA a marker for
Colorectal cancer
What is CA 19-9 a marker for
Pancreatic cancer
What is CA 125 a marker for
Ovarian cancer
Which cancer is B-hCG a marker for?
Testicular cancer
What does isolated incr ALP and deafness suggest
Pagets
Name 3 causes of eosinophilia
Atopy
Vasculitis
Pregnancy
Parasites
3 causes of thrombophilia
Post op
Infection
Inflammation
3 causes of Neutrophilia
Infection
Vasculitis
Inflammation
Malignancy
3 causes of neutropenia
Malignancy
Iatrogenic eg chemotherapy
Infection
What factors are tested by PT
I, II, V, VII and X
What factors are tested in APTT
all factors apart from VII
What is APTT used to monitor?
And why may it be spuriously high
Heparin levels
If taken from a central line, contains heparin in the end of the lumen
What is the only condition where
PT incr
APTT incr
Fibrinogen decr
DIC
What do you give for VT
Amiodarone 300mg IV
Followed by 900 mg over 24 hrs
What do you give for irregular narrow complex tachycardia
Beta-blocker
Diltiazem
What do you give for a narrow complex regular tachycardia
Adenosine 6 mg IV
12 mg
12 mg
What do you give for a tachycardia with adverse features
Syncro DC shock
Amiodarone 300 mg IV
900 mg over 24hrs
What antibodies can be tested for autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-nuclear
Anti-smooth muscle
Anti-liver
Microsomal-1
What iron profile would be seen in haemochromatosis
Incr Fe
Incr ferritin
Incr transferrin sat
Decr TIBC
In what disease is copper increased
Wilson’s disease
Which marker is high in hepatocellular carcinoma
Alpha fetoprotein
Name 3 predisposing factors for pneumothorax
COPD/ asthma
Pulmonary fibrosis/ CF
Trauma
Iatrogenic
Causes of upper lobe fibrosis
BREAST Berylliosis Radiation Extrinsic allergic alveolitis Ankylosing spondylitis Sarcoidosis Tuberculosis
Name 3 causes of lower lobe pulmonary fibrosis
CAD
Connective tissue disorder
Asbestosis
Drug induced
What bus the sail sign
Left lower love collapse
What can cause left lower lobe collapse
Central hilar/ endobronchial mass
Endobronchial foreign body
Endobronchial mucus plug
Name 3 causes of pulmonary oedema
Cardiac failure
Acute renal failure
ARDS
Massive acute MI
What is seen on a CXR in a person with cardiac failure
Cardiomegaly Pleural effusions Peri hilar consolidation (bats wings) Upper lobe venous distension Inter lobular septal lines (kerley B lines)
What do you give for bradycardia with adverse features
Atropine 500mcg IV
What additional drugs can be given for bradycardia after initial atropine
More atropine up to 3mg
Isoprenaline 5mcg/min IV
Adrenaline 2-10mcg/min IV
Transcutaneous pacing
Name the 2 shockable pulses
VF
Pulse less VT
Name 2 rhythms which are not shockable
PEA
Asystole
