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Year 2- ICM > 3rd Year > Flashcards

3rd Year Flashcards

0
Q

Name 3 causes of unilateral hilar enlargement

A 
Bronchial carcinoma
TB
Lymphoma
Metastatic lymph node
Atypical sarcoidosis
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1
Q

Name 3 causes of lung mass

A 
Bronchial carcinoma
Pulmonary mets
Round pneumonia
Lung hamartoma
Rheumatoid nodule
Lung abscess
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2
Q

3 causes of bilateral hilar enlargement

A

Sarcoidosis
Lymphoma
Pulmonary hypertension
Metastatic

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3
Q

Name 3 causes of microcytic anaemia

A

Iron deficiency
Chronic disease
Thalassaemia

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4
Q

3 causes of macrocytic anaemia

A

Vit B / folate deficiency
Alcohol consumption
Hypothyroidism

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5
Q

3 causes of normocytic anaemia

A

Chronic disease
Haemolytic anaemia
Acute blood loss

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6
Q

3 causes of haemolytic anaemia

A

Autoimmune hot/cold
Mechanical heart valve
Transfusion / drug reaction

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7
Q

3 causes of polycythaemia

A

Dehydration
Hypoxia
Incr erythropoietin

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8
Q

What is alpha-fetal protein

A

Liver cancer

Testicular cancer

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9
Q

What is CEA a marker for

A

Colorectal cancer

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10
Q

What is CA 19-9 a marker for

A

Pancreatic cancer

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11
Q

What is CA 125 a marker for

A

Ovarian cancer

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12
Q

Which cancer is B-hCG a marker for?

A

Testicular cancer

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13
Q

What does isolated incr ALP and deafness suggest

A

Pagets

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14
Q

Name 3 causes of eosinophilia

A

Atopy
Vasculitis
Pregnancy
Parasites

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15
Q

3 causes of thrombophilia

A

Post op
Infection
Inflammation

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16
Q

3 causes of Neutrophilia

A

Infection
Vasculitis
Inflammation
Malignancy

17
Q

3 causes of neutropenia

A

Malignancy
Iatrogenic eg chemotherapy
Infection

18
Q

What factors are tested by PT

A

I, II, V, VII and X

19
Q

What factors are tested in APTT

A

all factors apart from VII

20
Q

What is APTT used to monitor?

And why may it be spuriously high

A

Heparin levels

If taken from a central line, contains heparin in the end of the lumen

21
Q

What is the only condition where
PT incr
APTT incr
Fibrinogen decr

A

DIC

22
Q

What do you give for VT

A

Amiodarone 300mg IV

Followed by 900 mg over 24 hrs

23
Q

What do you give for irregular narrow complex tachycardia

A

Beta-blocker

Diltiazem

24
Q

What do you give for a narrow complex regular tachycardia

A

Adenosine 6 mg IV

12 mg
12 mg

25
Q

What do you give for a tachycardia with adverse features

A

Syncro DC shock
Amiodarone 300 mg IV
900 mg over 24hrs

26
Q

What antibodies can be tested for autoimmune hepatitis

A

Anti-nuclear
Anti-smooth muscle
Anti-liver
Microsomal-1

27
Q

What iron profile would be seen in haemochromatosis

A

Incr Fe
Incr ferritin
Incr transferrin sat
Decr TIBC

28
Q

In what disease is copper increased

A

Wilson’s disease

29
Q

Which marker is high in hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Alpha fetoprotein

30
Q

Name 3 predisposing factors for pneumothorax

A

COPD/ asthma
Pulmonary fibrosis/ CF
Trauma
Iatrogenic

31
Q

Causes of upper lobe fibrosis

A 
BREAST
Berylliosis
Radiation
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Ankylosing spondylitis 
Sarcoidosis
Tuberculosis
32
Q

Name 3 causes of lower lobe pulmonary fibrosis

A

CAD
Connective tissue disorder
Asbestosis
Drug induced

33
Q

What bus the sail sign

A

Left lower love collapse

34
Q

What can cause left lower lobe collapse

A

Central hilar/ endobronchial mass
Endobronchial foreign body
Endobronchial mucus plug

35
Q

Name 3 causes of pulmonary oedema

A

Cardiac failure
Acute renal failure
ARDS
Massive acute MI

36
Q

What is seen on a CXR in a person with cardiac failure

A 
Cardiomegaly
Pleural effusions
Peri hilar consolidation (bats wings)
Upper lobe venous distension
Inter lobular septal lines (kerley B lines)
37
Q

What do you give for bradycardia with adverse features

A

Atropine 500mcg IV

38
Q

What additional drugs can be given for bradycardia after initial atropine

A

More atropine up to 3mg
Isoprenaline 5mcg/min IV
Adrenaline 2-10mcg/min IV

Transcutaneous pacing

39
Q

Name the 2 shockable pulses

A

VF

Pulse less VT

40
Q

Name 2 rhythms which are not shockable

A

PEA

Asystole

Year 2- ICM (2 decks)

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