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Conservation > 3rd year > Flashcards

3rd year Flashcards

1
Q

4 methods of obturation

A

Single point
Cold lateral condensation
Warm lateral compaction
Warm vertical condensation

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2
Q

What is C-factor

A

The ratio of the bonded to the unbonded surfaces

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3
Q

3 features of composite layering technique

A

Reduces shrinkage stress
Time consuming process
Requires frequent instrument changing

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4
Q

3 tips to avoid distal drift of SDR

A

Cure immediately after the SDR has set
Use a sharp probe to drag the SDR mesially
Place in smaller increments than 4 mm

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5
Q

2 indications of calcimol LC

A

Indirect pulp capping
Lining under deep amalgam restorations

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6
Q

2 indications of dycal

A

Direct pulp capping
Cavity liner

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7
Q

3 indications of vitrebond

A

Indirect pulp capping
Liner under amalgam, deep composite, ceramic restorations
Liner over Dycal during direct pulp caps

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8
Q

Contraindication to vitrebond

A

Patients with known acrylate allergy

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9
Q

8 indications of biodentine

A

Temporary enamel restoration
Permanent dentine restoration
Deep or large cavities
Direct pulp capping
Root perforations
Internal/external resorptions
Apexification
Retrograde surgical filling

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10
Q

6 indications of GC Fuji IX

A

Peadiatric restorations
Non-load bearing Class I and II restorations
Class V and root surface restorations
Core Build up
Sandwich technique
Temporary restorations

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11
Q

7 indications of RIVA self cure HV

A

Non stress bearing Class I and Class II cavities
Pediatric/geriatric restorations
Sandwich technique
Cervical restorations
Core build ups
ART technique
Temporary restorations

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12
Q

6 indications of GC Fuji Triage

A

Fissure protection
Root surface protection
Hypersensitivity prevention and control
Paediatric restoration
Temporary restoration
Intermediate restorations

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13
Q

2 contraindications to Fuji triage

A

Pulp capping
Sensitivity

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14
Q

7 indications of Equia forte HT

A

Class I restorations
Non-bearing and load-bearing Class II restorations
Class V and root surface restorations
Core build-up
Restorations of hypomineralised teeth
Geriatric/pediatric restorations
ART technique
Intermediate restorations

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15
Q

4 advantages of sectional matrix bands

A

Tighter, lower contacts
Restore natural anatomy
Tight marginal seal
Ring separates teeth

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16
Q

4 disadvantages of sectional matrix bands

A

Restoration of a 3 surface cavity will require multiple rings
Technique sensitive
Requires a proximal tooth
Must protect the airways when placing small components

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17
Q

4 favourable endodontic outcomes

A

Absence of pain, swelling and other symptoms
No sinus tract
No loss of function
Radiological evidence of a normal periodontal ligament space around root

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18
Q

What is occlusion

A

The stationary contact between opposing teeth

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19
Q

What is involved in posterior guidance

A

TMJ, glenoid fossa, disc

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20
Q

What is involved in anterior guidance

A

Teeth contacting during lateral/protrusive mandibular movements

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21
Q

What is intercuspal position

A

The relationship of mandible at which teeth interdigitate maximally

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22
Q

What is retruded contact position

A

The relationship of mandible to maxilla on the retruded arc of closure, at which initial tooth contact occurs

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23
Q

What is canine guidance

A

During lateral excursion of the mandible the canines are the teeth which guide the mandibles movement and the last to disclude

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24
Q

What is group function

A

During lateral excursion of the mandible, the tooth contact which guides the movement is shared between multiple teeth on the working side

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25
Q

What are occlusal interferences

A

A contact between teeth in one of the excursions of the mandible interrupting free sliding movement

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26
Q

5 causes of amalagm failure

A

Recurrent caries
Marginal ditching
Excessive creep
Bulk fracture
Loss of retention

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27
Q

6 vehicles of fluoride delivery

A

Water fluoridation
Milk fluoridation
Fluoride toothpaste
Fluoride varnish
Fluoride tablets
Fluoride rinses

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28
Q

Concentrations of high fluoride toothpaste

A

2800ppm
5000ppm

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29
Q

7 portals of bacterial entry

A

Dental caries
Trauma
Fractures
Iatrogenic
Accelerated tooth wear
Microleakage from restorations
Periodontal ligament

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30
Q

5 methods of working length determination

A

Previous radiographs
Average values
Diagnostic working length radiograph
Electronic apex locators
Tactile sensation

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31
Q

3 disadvantages of SS hand-files

A

Larger diameter files are quite rigid and harder to pre-bend if needed
Takes longer to achieve a correctly tapered preparation
It is harder to achieve a fully uniform preparation

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32
Q

4 advantages of rotary filing with NiTi files

A

Can undergo greater stresses than SS without breakage
Resists permanent deformation
Larger files are still flexible
Tapered preparation produced more quickly and with fewer files

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33
Q

3 disadvantages of rotary filing with NiTi files

A

NiTi files are liable to fracture
Excessive torsional stresses are created
Larger NiTi files undergo greater stresses when rotated in a curved root canal

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34
Q

8 ways to prevent hypochlorite incidents

A

Pre-op IOPA
Sealed rubber dam
Straight line access to canals
Correct working length
Only use side vented, screw-on needles (Luer-Lock)
Needle should be passive and never engage the canal walls
Needle must not reach WL (2mm short)
Deliver irrigant with minimal pressure

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35
Q

What area is most vulnerable area to an overhang of a restorative material

A

Gingival floor of a Class II cavity

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36
Q

Describe pulpitis

A

Inflammation of the pulp as a result of pulp tissue exposure to an insult

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37
Q

Describe the presentation of a normal pulp

A

Asymptomatic
Transient response to thermal/electric stimuli

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38
Q

Describe the presentation of reversible pulpitis

A

No spontaneous pain
Heightened response to thermal/electric stimuli
Transient response to thermal/electric stimuli

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39
Q

Describe the presentation of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis

A

Localised, moderate/severe spontaneous pain
Heightened response to thermal/electric stimuli
Lingering response

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40
Q

Describe the presentation of asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis

A

No clinical symptoms
Mild and transient response to thermal/electric stimuli (1/2 seconds)

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41
Q

Describe the presentation of pulp necrosis

A

Pulp non-responsive to pulp testing

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42
Q

5 management strategies for pulpal disease

A

Indirect pulp cap
Direct pulp cap
Partial pulpotomy
Complete pulpotomy
Pulpectomy (RCT)

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43
Q

7 contraindications to RCT

A

Inadequate access
Poor oral hygiene
Patient’s general medical state
Patient attitude
Tooth not restorable
Advanced periodontal disease
Root fracture

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44
Q

8 tooth restorability considerations when assessing endodontic difficulty

A

Position of tooth in arch
Tooth inclination and rotation
Crown morphology after caries removal
Canal morphology
Root curvature
Apical morphology
Canal calcification
Root resorption

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45
Q

3 levels of difficulty relating to each endodontic consideration and their values

A

Minimal: 1 point value
Moderate: 2 point value
High: 5 point value

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46
Q

How does level of difficulty affect who is capable of doing endodontic treatment

A

< 20 points: dental student could treat
20 – 40 points: graduate dentist could treat
> 40 points: should be referred to specialist trainee or specialist

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47
Q

5 reasons to stop endodontic treatment

A

Unable to find all expected canals
Blocked canal which you are unable to negotiate to >3mm of apex
Separated instrument
Perforation
Severe ledge or apical transportation

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48
Q

Objectives of endodontic treatment

A

Clean: remove diseased tissue, eliminate irritants
Shape: facilitate optimal irrigation, debridement and placement of local medicaments, and permanent root filling
Fill: prevent recontamination, create a complete coronal seal

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49
Q

Number of canals and average root length in Maxillary central incisor

A

Number of canals: 1
Average root length: 23 mm

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50
Q

Number of canals and average root length in Maxillary lateral incisor

A

Number of canals: 1
Average root length: 22 mm

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51
Q

Number of canals and average root length in Maxillary canine

A

Number of canals: 1
Average root length: 26 mm

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52
Q

Number of canals and average root length in
Maxillary 1st premolar

A

Number of canals: 2, 1 or 3
Average root length: 21 mm

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53
Q

Number of canals and average root length in
Maxillary 2nd premolar

A

Number of canals: 1 or 2
Average root length: 21 mm

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54
Q

Number of canals and average root length in
Maxillary 1st molar

A

Number of canals: 4 or 3
Average root length: 22 mm

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55
Q

Number of canals and average root length in
Maxillary 2nd molar

A

Number of canals: 3 or 4
Average root length: 20 mm

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56
Q

Number of canals and average root length in
Mandibular incisors

A

Number of canals: 1 or 2
Average root length: 21 mm

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57
Q

Number of canals and average root length in
Mandibular canines

A

Number of canals: 1 or 2
Average root length: 24 mm

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58
Q

Number of canals and average root length in
Mandibular 1st premolars

A

Number of canals: 1 or 2
Average root length: 22 mm

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59
Q

Number of canals and average root length in
Mandibular 2nd premolars

A

Number of canals: 1 or 2
Average root length: 22 mm

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60
Q

Number of canals and average root length in
Mandibular 1st molars

A

Number of canals: 3 or 4
Average root length: 21 mm

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61
Q

Number of canals and average root length in
Mandibular 2nd molars

A

Number of canals: 3 or 2
Average root length: 20 mm

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62
Q

5 common problems caused by incorrect hand-filing techniques in curved canals

A

Dentine debris and pulp remnants packed into the apical part of the canal
Ledging
Apical zip
Perforation
Strip perforation

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63
Q

5 benefits of PTU files

A

High cutting power
Increased apical taper for better canal cleaning
Better debris removal
Optimisation of the hydraulics of the irrigation fluid
Very flexible and does not require pre-curving to negotiate curved canals

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64
Q

Settings on X-smart machines

A

Auto-reverse
Motor speed of 400rpm
Torque of 4Ncm

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65
Q

Reason for recapilitation

A

Removes any debris formed by the rotary instruments which may have fallen to the bottom of the canal causing a blockage and maintains patency of apex

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66
Q

3 chemical irrigants

A

Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) 2%
Chlorhexidine 2%
Ethylene-diamine tetracetic acid (EDTA) 17%

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67
Q

3 root canal sealers

A

Zinc Oxide Eugenol (Tubliseal)
Calcium Hydroxide (Apexit)
AH Plus

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68
Q

3 endodontic outcomes

A

Favourable
Uncertain
Unfavourable

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69
Q

4 conditions that improve the outcome of primary root canal treatment significantly

A

Pre-op absence of PA RL
Root filling eith no voids
Root filling extending to 2mm within the radiographic apex
Satisfactory coronal restoration

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70
Q

Describe A δ-fibres in dental pulp

A

Associated with acute dental pain
Convey impulses perceived as sharp, penetrating, short lasting pain

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71
Q

Describe C-fibres in dental pulp

A

Associated with pain with inflammation
Convey impulses perceived as dull, lingering, long lasting pain

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72
Q

5 components of the dental pulp

A

Pulp extracellular matrix (ECM)
Connective tissue fibres
Odontoblasts
Fibroblasts
Defence cells

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73
Q

What does Ionising Radiation Regulations (IRR) 2017 encompass

A

Protection and health of staff working with ionising radiation

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74
Q

What does Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IRMER) 2017 emcompass

A

Safe and effective use of ionising radiation when exposing patients

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75
Q

Describe shared decision making

A

A collaborative process whereby the patient is supported by the health professional to reach a decision about their care that is right for them

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76
Q

Fluoride toothpaste concentration for a high caries risk patients aged 10+yrs

A

2800ppm

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77
Q

Fluoride toothpaste concentration for a high caries risk patients aged 16+yrs

A

5000ppm

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78
Q

Fluoride varnish concentration

A

22,600ppm

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79
Q

3 methods of providing retention for larger amalgam restorations

A

Dentine pins
Dentine slots, grooves and pits
Bonded amalgams

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80
Q

3 consequences of polymerisation shrinkage stress

A

Gap formation
Post-op sensitivity
Recurrent caries

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81
Q

4 benefits of hand-filing with SS hand-files

A

Tactile sensitivity
Control
Can be pre-curved
Rigidity is very useful in the negotiation of calcified root canals

82
Q

Describe the colour and use of the SX File

A

No colour
Works in coronal 1/3 where the canal opening is too small to receive the Slider File

83
Q

Equation for operating length of SX file

A

1/3 of root length + crown height

84
Q

Describe the colour, taper and use of the Slider File

A

Purple
2% apical taper
Used at EWL to remove restrictive dentin and other calcifications and to create a reproducible pathway to the canal terminus paving the way for the canal shaper

85
Q

Describe the colour, taper and use of the Shaper File

A

White
4% apical taper
Works in coronal 2/3, to haul debris and provide an easy and safe access to the apical 1/3 for the finishing files

86
Q

Describe the colour, taper and use of the Finishing F1 File

A

Yellow
7% apical taper
Work in the apical 1/3 and create the ‘Deep Shape’

87
Q

Describe the colour, taper and use of the Finishing F2 File

A

Red
8% apical taper
Work in the apical 1/3 and create the ‘Deep Shape’

88
Q

Describe the colour, taper and use of the Finishing F3 File

A

Blue
9% apical taper
Work in the apical 1/3 and create the ‘Deep Shape’

89
Q

Describe the colour, taper and use of the FX File

A

Green
12% apical taper
Used at WL in in large (wide diameter)straight canals

90
Q

Describe the colour, taper and use of the FXL File

A

Double yellow
10% apical taper
Used at WL in in large (wide diameter)straight canals

91
Q

5 ways endodontic treatment leads to weakening of tooth structure

A

Carious lesion
Access cavity
Changes to the properties of dentine: collagen depletion, dehydration
Changes to the mechanoreception of the PDL
Force of cold lateral condensation during obturation

92
Q

When are endodontic outcomes assessed

A

Assessed at least 1 year after treatment and subsequently as required; assess further if uncertain – until resolved or for minimum period of 4 years

93
Q

3 types of sterilisers

A

N: non vacuum passive air removal
B: vacuum active air removal
S: only used according to manufacturer’s instructions

94
Q

5 stages of decontamination process

A

Cleaning
Disinfection
Inspection
Packaging
Sterilisation

95
Q

6 requirements of HTM 01-05

A

Separate decontamination room
Evidence of correct workflow
Automated cleaning
Correctly applied processes
Training of staff and defined roles
Testing of equipment

96
Q

3 inter-appointment dressings

A

Hypocal (non setting)
Odontopaste
Leddermix

97
Q

How to ensure patient has capacity to consent

A

Understand, retain and weigh up the information provided
Make a decision
Communicate that decision

98
Q

Matrix bands which are not appropriate for placing composite

A

Siqveland matrix bands

99
Q

When to stop biomechanical preparation

A

Passively follow the canal with finishing file to the WL in one or more passes
Remove and inspect its apical flutes, when the apical flutes are loaded with debris, the preparation is finished

100
Q

Signs a canal is still infected

A

Pus or blood in the canal

101
Q

Define an unfavourable endodontic outcome

A

Lesion on radiograph increased in size, signs of infection, root resorption

102
Q

Define an uncertain endodontic outcome

A

Lesion on radiograph remains same size

103
Q

Describe a BPE 0 scoring code

A

Pockets <3.5mm (black band entirely visible)
No calculus/overhangs, no bleeding on probing

104
Q

Describe a BPE 1 scoring code

A

Pockets <3.5mm (black band entirely visible)
No calculus/overhangs, bleeding on probing

105
Q

Describe a BPE 2 scoring code

A

Pockets <3.5mm (black band entirely visible)
Supra or subgingival calculus/overhangs

106
Q

Describe a BPE 3 scoring code

A

Probing depth 3.5-5.5mm (black band partially visible)

107
Q

Describe a BPE 4 scoring code

A

Probing depth >5.5mm (black band disappears)

108
Q

Management of a patient with a BPE 1 scoring code

A

Oral hygiene instruction

109
Q

Management of a patient with a BPE 2 scoring code

A

Oral hygiene instruction
Removal of plaque retentive factors, including all supra and subgingival calculus

110
Q

Management of a patient with a BPE 3 scoring code

A

Oral hygiene instruction
Removal of plaque retentive factors, including all supra and subgingival calculus
Root surface debridement if required

111
Q

Management of a patient with a BPE 4 scoring code

A

Oral hygiene instruction
Remove supra and sub-gingival calculus
Root surface debridement
Assess the need for more complex treatment

112
Q

Define sterilisation

A

Removal of all organisms/spores

112
Q

3 interim filling materials

A

Kalzinol
Cavit
Glass ionomer Cement

112
Q

Irrigant of choice and its properties

A

Sodium Hypochlorite 2%
Dissolves organic tissue and possesses anti-microbial properties
Lubricates the root canal for biomechanical preparation
Flushes out debris

112
Q

Active ingredient of Hypocal and how does it work

A

Calcium Hydroxide
Alkaline (pH 11): anti-bacterial

113
Q

Immediate clinical signs of a hypochlorite incident

A

Severe immediate pain, swelling, profuse bleeding, ulceration

114
Q

Materials used in obturation

A

Gutta-Percha (GP) core material and AH plus sealant

115
Q

Purpose of the coronal seal

A

Prevent any residual contamination within the root canal system entering the periapical tissues
Prevent recontamination of the root canal system via the oral cavity

116
Q

Describe recapulation and when it is carried out

A

After confirming WL, go back into the canal with 10 SS handfiles set at WL+1mm
Removes any debris formed by the rotary instruments which may have fallen to the bottom of the canal causing a blockage and maintains patency of apex

117
Q

Describe apical gauging and when it is carried out

A

After using finishing files, place equivalent handfile then GP point set to working length into the canal
Turn file clockwise for a quarter turn and using light pressure on file handle
Evaluate its tug-back

118
Q

How to determine number of canals

A

Pre-operative radiograph: parallax
Clinical examination to check angulation of canals

119
Q

Possible special investigations to assess pulpal disease

A

Endofrost testing
Electric pulp tester

120
Q

3 amalgam cavity features that will improve its success

A

Box to provide retention
Occlusal key to provide resistance
90 degree cavity-surface angle to remove unsupported enamel

121
Q

3 reasons for loss of amalgam marginal integrity

A

Insufficient packing
Unrestored contact point
Unsupported enamel

122
Q

3 techniques to reduce the risk of composite debonding

A

Composite layering technique
Wet dentine bonding
Correct light curing

123
Q

How to manage a hypochlorite incident

A

Stop irrigation immediately and reassure patient, irrigate canal with copious amounts of saline or sterile water, dry, dress and temporarily restore
Follow-up is essential at 1 day, 1 week and there-after as necessary

124
Q

Optimal conditions for caries detection

A

Dry, clean field
Good illumination

125
Q

Bitewing intervals for adult patients according to FGDP Selection criteria for dental radiography 2018

A

High risk: 6 months
Medium risk: 1 years
Low risk: 2 years

126
Q

Recall intervals for adults according to NICE guidelines

A

High risk: 3 months
Low risk: no longer than 2 years

127
Q

5 medical factors placing patient at high caries risk

A

3 + prescribed medications
Xerostomia
History of chemo/radiotherapy
Eating disorder/acid reflux
Physical disabilities

128
Q

5 phases of steam sterilisation process

A

Heating phase
Air removal
Sterilisation phase
Evacuation and cooling phase
Drying phase

129
Q

Method of sterilisation commonly used in dentistry

A

Autoclave
Saturated steam under pressure
98% steam 2% water vapour

130
Q

4 clinical signs that indicate a parafunctional habit

A

Tongue scalloping
Linea alba
Tooth faceting
Hairline cracks in teeth

131
Q

How to examine occlusal contacts in ICP

A

Black GHM articulation paper 12um

132
Q

How to examine lateral guidance

A

Red GHM articulation paper 12um

133
Q

How to examine degree of occlusal stability

A

Shimstock foil 8um

134
Q

4 reasons rubber dam is mandatory in endodontics

A

Prevention of hypochlorite incident
Prevention of infection of the root canal
Protection of the patients airway
Protect patients soft tissues

135
Q

Reasons for composite marginal leakage

A

Polymerisation shrinkage
Debonding
Incomplete light curing

136
Q

2 important factors when positioning light cure

A

Angle 90 ⁰ to surface
Distance 0.5cm from surface

137
Q

2 clinic consequences of incomplete light curing

A

Post operative sensitivity
Debonding

138
Q

How does composite shade impact cure time

A

Darker shades require longer cure times as pigments in darker shade limit polymerisation

139
Q

3 functions of dental pulp

A

Supplies nutrients to dentine
Initiates and controls the repair of dentine when it is damaged
Provides a pathway for sensory impulses

140
Q

4 defence cells of dental pulp

A

Macrophages
Dendritic cells
T-lymphocytes
Mast cells

141
Q

Active ingredient of odontopaste

A

Corticosteroid: antimicrobial /anti-inflammatory

142
Q

Active ingredient of leddermix

A

Corticosteroid: antimicrobial /anti-inflammatory

143
Q

4 ideal properties of root canal sealer

A

Biocompatible
Anti-bacterial
Radio-paque
Minimal shrinkage

144
Q

When to take radiographs following BPE

A

Code 3 or 4

145
Q

3 things instruments are inspected for prior to sterilisation

A

Clean with no visible debris
Functional
Condition, ensure no rust or cracks

146
Q

What piece of equipment is used to clean dental instruments

A

Washer disinfector

147
Q

Methods for administering LA

A

Block
Infiltration
Intra-osseous
Intra-ligamentary
Intra-pulpal

148
Q

Define smart dentine replacement SDR

A

Bulk fill composite

149
Q

Define sonic fill

A

Bulk fill sonic-activated nano-hybrid composite

150
Q

Define calcimol LC

A

Resin modified calcium ion releasing base liner

151
Q

Define dycal

A

Calcium hydroxide liner

152
Q

Define vitrebond

A

Resin modified glass ionomer liner

153
Q

Define biodentine

A

Calcium-silicate based material

154
Q

Define GC Fuji IX

A

High viscosity glass ionomer

155
Q

Define RIVA self-cure HV

A

High viscosity glass ionomer

156
Q

Define GC Fuji triage

A

Low viscosity glass ionomer

157
Q

Define Equia Forte

A

Bulk fill glass hybrid

158
Q

Define Ceram-X

A

Nano hybrid composite

159
Q

Define Tubiseal

A

Zinc oxide based sealer

160
Q

Define AH Plus resin sealer

A

Epoxy-amine resin based sealer

161
Q

Define AH Plus bioceramic sealer

A

Calcium silicate based sealer

162
Q

5 circumferental matrix systems

A

Omni-Matrix
Pro-matrix bands
Siqveland matrix
Tofflemire matrix
Supermat matrix

163
Q

1 sectional matrix system

A

Palodent V3

164
Q

Function of cavity liners

A

Provide electrical, thermal and chemical insulation to the pulp

165
Q

5 stages of the washer disinfector cycle

A

Flush at 45°
Wash
Rinse
Thermal disinfection at 65-90°
Dry

166
Q

Additional ingredient in tubliseal

167
Q

2 zones that make up infected dentine

A

Necrotic zone
Contaminated zone

168
Q

2 zones that make up affected dentine

A

Demineralised zone
Translucent zone

169
Q

4 pieces of information that should be provided to patient in order to obtain consent

A

Options for treatment
Your proposed treatment
Risks and benefits of your proposed treatment
Risks of no treatment

170
Q

2 main components of the pulp

A

Extracellular matrix
Cells

171
Q

4 muscles of mastication involved in elevation

A

Medial pterygoid
Superior lateral pterygoid
Temporalis
Masseter

172
Q

1 muscle of mastication involved in protrusion

A

Inferior lateral pterygoid

173
Q

1 muscle of mastication involved in depression

174
Q

Define ALARP

A

As low as reasonably practicable

175
Q

Describe the radiograph quality assurance categories

A

1: No errors of exposure, positioning, or processing, diagnostically acceptable
2: Some errors of exposure, positioning, or processing, diagnostically acceptable
3: Errors of exposure, positioning or processing which render the radiograph diagnostically unacceptable

176
Q

3 parameters of sterilisation phase

A

Temperature: 134°C - 137°C
Pressure: 2.0 - 2.3
Holding time: 3 minutes

177
Q

Describe vitality testing

A

Using ethyl chloride or an electric pulp tester to assess if pulp is still vital

178
Q

Describe justifications for radiographic assessment

A

To check for interproximal caries, secondary caries, assess restorations, check for PAP, check bone levels

179
Q

Describe tenderness to percussion testing

A

Using instrument to tap tooth to assess if the PDL is inflamed

180
Q

4 contraindications to direct pulp cap

A

TTP
Spontaneous pain
Purulent discharge
Haemorrhage last >5 mins

181
Q

4 aspects to consider when assessing if RCT is the best treatment option

A

Patient preference
Remaining caries free tooth structure
Suitability for rubber dam
Periodontal status

182
Q

Fluoride concentration of fluoride rinses

183
Q

4 features determining occlusal stability

A

Number of posterior contacts
Occlusal stops
Contact points
Cuspal locking

184
Q

4 C’S of clinical record keeping

A

Contemporaneous
Clear
Concise
Complete

185
Q

C factor of a sealant or class V cavity

186
Q

C factor of a class IV cavity

187
Q

C factor of a class Ill cavity

188
Q

C factor of class II cavity

189
Q

C factor of class I cavity

190
Q

Microbiological pathogens associated with apical periodontitis

A

Facultative anaerobic bacteria
Enterococcus group (32%)
Candida albicans (7%)

191
Q

Define apical constriction and where it is located

A

Narrowest part of the root canal system
0.5-1.0 mm short of the apical foramen

192
Q

First place to clear during caries removal

A

Clear around the margins of the caries so that as you approach the pulpal area you are not at risk of infecting the sensitive pulp tissue with bacteria, from an active carious site

193
Q

2 contraindications to Duraphat varnish

A

Stomatitis
Ulcerative colitis

194
Q

4 D’s of caries detection and management

A

Determine
Detect
Decide
Do

195
Q

What allows localisation of pain to a specific tooth

A

Stimulation of the periodontal ligament propireceptors due to necrotic pulp

196
Q

Describe articulation

A

Dynamic gliding contacts between opposing teeth during protrusion/retrusion and lateral mandibular movements

197
Q

Describe ideal protrusion

A

Guided by the palatal surfaces of upper anterior teeth

Conservation (2 decks)

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