3rd week Flashcards
DNA becomes what?
protein
RNA is what?
uses DNA to make proteins
contrast DNA and RNA
DNA: t, Nucleus, 2 strand
RNA: u, cytoplasm and nucleus, single strand
what are the types of RNA?
messenger, ribosomal, and transfer
What is mRNA?
carries instructions, uses DNA as a template, nucleus to cytoplasm, read in “codons”, straight chain
What is tRNA?
1 anticodon: 3 bases, carries one specific amino acid, transfers amino acids to the ribosome, cloverleaf shape, delivery truck that picks up supplies
What is rRNA?
globular shape, combines amino acids to form a protein, workers
What is RNA polymerase?
binds to DNA, separates the strands, and creates complementary strand of mRNA
what is translation? and where is it located at?
using mRNA to build a chain of amino acids and it’s located in the ribosome in the cytoplasm
what does codon mean?
3 bases on mRNA. codes for 1 amino acid
what does anti-codon mean?
three bases on tRNA
what does amino acid mean?
building blocks of proteins
in cytoplasm, mRNA attaches to what?
ribosome
what does ribosome read?
mRNA, 1 codon at a time
The amino acid is brought to the ribosome by what?
tRNA, with complementary anticodon
when does the amino acid chains stop growing?
until a stop codon is reached
compare and contrast DNA and RNA polymerase
DNA P: T nucleotide, 2 strands, DNA helicase
both: enzymes , nucleus, builds and revised new strands
RNA P: u nucleotide, builds 1 strand, transcription
compare and contrast codon and anticodon
codon: mRNA, built during transcription in nucleus, used in translation
both: RNA, 3 bases, A, C, G, U
anticodon: tRNA, using during translation, complementary to codon
compare and contrast transcription and translation
transcription: Occurs in nucleus, makes mRNA from DNA, MRNA is built
both: used mRNA, in a cell, needed for protein synthesis
translation: Occurs in the cytoplasm, uses mRNA to build a chain of amino acid, no enzymes are involved
