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January 2021 medicine > 3rd week > Flashcards

3rd week Flashcards

1
Q

Go through shoulder examination

A
  1. IIIQAG: can dress self w/o diffiulty, can wash own hair
  2. Inspect: from the front, side, back
  3. Palpation: temperature, bones, muscles
  4. Active movement: screening [hands behind head/back] flexion, extension, lateral flexion, IR/ER
  5. Passive movement: with hand on shoulder the same as above
  6. Special tests: painful arc, scarf test, ER AR, lift off test, empty can AR
  7. Completion: neurovascular status of the UL, C-spine and elbow
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2
Q

Go through elbow examination

A
  1. IIIQAC
  2. Inspect arms loosely by their sides
  3. Palpation: temperature, radial head, medial/lateral epicondyles and olecranon prcoess for tenderness
  4. Active ROM: flexion/extension/pronation/supination
  5. Passive ROM: same as above whilst feeling for crepitus
  6. Function: can pt move hand to their mouth/nose, check both sides
  7. Special tests: golfer’s elbow [supinated position, ask pt to make fist and flex their wrist AR], tennis elbow [pronated position, ask pt to extend wrist AR, will cause pain lateral epicondyl]
  8. Completion: neurovascular status UL, ipsilateral shouder and wrist/hand
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3
Q

Go through ankle/foot examination

A

1.

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4
Q

Go through spine examination

A

1.

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5
Q

Go through hand examination

A

1.

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6
Q

Go through GALS examination

A

1.

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7
Q

Go through RESP exam

A

1.

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8
Q

Go through GASTRO exam

A

1.

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9
Q

Go through CARDIO exam

A

1,

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10
Q

XR findings for a patient with RA

A
  • Periarticular erosions: synovitis erodes bone causing the formation of cysts
  • Periarticular osteopenia: loss of bone density occurs as a result of disuse due to pain and secondary effects of steroids
  • Soft-tissue swelling: subtle widening of the joint space may be seen when synovitis is mild. Severe synovitis is seen as gross swelling around the joints
  • Joint subluxation and malalignment: as ligaments become dysfunctional and joint sublux and can even dislocate. This gives rise to the classic deformities hands/feet
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11
Q

XR findings for a patient with OA [4]

A
  • loss of alignment [varus]
  • loss of joint space
  • subchondral sclerosis
  • subchrondral cyst
  • osteophytes

LOSS [ignore varus]

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12
Q

Which joints does OA typically affect? [2]

A

Typically affects large synovial joints including hip, knee, rst metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot, facet joints of the spine, shoulder and elbow. In the hand the interphalangeal joints and carpometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb may be affected.

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13
Q

What is Felty’s syndrome? [1]

A

Combination of RA, splenomegaly and neutropenia

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14
Q

Where do immune complexes typically present in RA patients? [1]

A

Called rheumatoid nodules, they mainly affect the extensor surfaces

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15
Q

When would an XR vs a CT vs a MRI vs USS be indicated in orthopaedics? [4]

A
  • XR: arthritis, fractures, chest
  • CT: complex fractures [spine, tibial, platuea, pilon, pelvis]
  • MRI: spinal disc prolapse, ligamentous or meniscal injury, OM
    US: tendon rupture, foreign bodies, ‘FAST’ in trauma
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16
Q

What is the most common cause of OM/septic arthritis in children? [2]

A

Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis:

  • organisms escape from vessels in the physis where blood flow is slowest. An abscess occurs in the metaphysis
  • pus ascapes under adjacent periosteum, elevation of the periosteum can be seen XR
  • in children, hip/ankle/wrist and shoulder have intra-articular physis allowing organisms to enter the joint and cause septic arthritis
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17
Q

Carpal bone mnemonic

A

Some - scaphoid
Lovers - lunate
Try - triquetrium
Positions - pisiform
They - trapezium
Can’t - capitate
Handle - hamate

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18
Q

Go through the brachial plexus

A
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19
Q

Knee anatomy

A
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20
Q

Hip examination

A

awq

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21
Q

What are the different types of laxatvies?

A

a

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22
Q

What is the COACHES [I think?] criteria for septic arthritis?

A
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23
Q

Features of Perthes disease

A

a

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24
Q

Features of SUFC

A

a

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25
Q

Salter-Harris classification for fractures

A

a

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26
Q

What electrolyte disturbance can be induced in a patient after trauma? [2]

A

a

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27
Q

Garden fracture features

A

a

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28
Q

Go through classification types of fractures

A

a

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29
Q

What is a Smith, Colles, Monteggios, Gallazzis fracture?

A
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30
Q

Blood supply to the NoF

A

a

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31
Q

When are dynamic hip screws used?

A

a

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32
Q

Which patients do you not usually do a urine dip for?

A

a

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33
Q

When is the urea/creatinine raised, when is the creatinine/urea raised?

A

a

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34
Q

What is a gamma nail?

A

a

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35
Q

What is CREST syndrome?

A

a

36
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome and how to test for its vascular and neuropathy?

A

Adson and Ross

37
Q

What is the terrible triad?

A

a

38
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta? [features, genetic mutation, onset]

A
39
Q

Explain reverse polarity of the rotator cuff

A
40
Q

Go through the Webber classification for fractures

A

a

41
Q

What are the types of shoulder disclocations and what can cause them?

A
42
Q

What is the image showing, and why is this important?

A

Shenton’s line [Geeky medics]

43
Q

How to ensure adequacy of the MSK XR?

A
44
Q

General approach to MSK XR

A
45
Q

How to assess the femur on an XR?

A
46
Q

What is an intracapsular fracture?

A
47
Q

WHat is an extracapsular fracture?

A
48
Q

What are the pelvic bones?

A

Ischium, ilium, pubis, sarcum

49
Q

What are the 3 borders of the pelvic rings?

A
50
Q

What are the arrows pinting to?

A
51
Q

Where are bony mets commonly found?

A
52
Q

What is the circle indicating?

A
53
Q

What are the cartilaginous joints of the hip?

A

Acetabular joint

Pubic symphysis

Sacroiliac joint

54
Q

How to assess the acetabular joint?

A
55
Q

What common disease affects hip joint andwhat radiological features exist for it?

A
56
Q

How to assess the pubic symphysis?

A
57
Q

Interpretation for MSK XR

A

ABCS: adequacy, bones, cartilage, soft tissue

58
Q

When can the pubic symphsis enlarge?

A
59
Q

What is pubic diastasis?

A
60
Q

How to assess the sacroiliac joint?

A
61
Q

What is sacroiliitis?

A
62
Q

How to interpret soft tissue and other parts of a pelvic XR?

A
63
Q

Summarise how to look at a hip XR

A
64
Q

Go through the steps to ‘scrub-up’ for theatre

A
65
Q

How many bones are there in the human foot? [1]

A

26

66
Q

What are the bones in the human foot divided into? [2]

A

Tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, phalanges

67
Q

Go through the brachial plexus

A
68
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69
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70
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71
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87
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January 2021 medicine (2 decks)

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