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Phlebotomy > 3rd Test > Flashcards

3rd Test Flashcards

1
Q

Glass side

A

Use for capillary method

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2
Q

The difference between serum and plasma

A

Plasma has fibrinogen. Serum doesn’t. Plasma is clear and yellow and makes up 55% of blood

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3
Q

45% of blood is formed of what

A

Rbc, wbc,serum,platelets

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4
Q

4 main valves of the heart

A

Atrioventricular valve(tricuspid)
Pulmonic(pulmonary) valve
Mitral valve(bicuspid)
Aortic valve

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5
Q

Arteries
Largest
Smallest

A

Are considered oxygenated.
Largest artery is aorta
Smallest artery is arterioles

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6
Q

Capillaries

A

Are made up of arterial,venous,and interstitial fluid

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7
Q

Three layers of vessels

A

1st tunica Adventia
2nd tunica media
3rd tunica intimia

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8
Q

H shaped veins

A

1st median cubical - located in center of arm
2nd cephalic-most often found in obese pt. On thumb side
3rd basilica next to brachial artery on pinky side

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9
Q

M shaped veins

A

1st median - in the middle of arm
2nd median cephallic - most common found in obese pt. On thumb side
3rd median basilic - near brachial artery near pinky

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10
Q

Intrinsic pathway

A

Blood runs within the vessels
APPT - blood test that determines if blood is functioning properly it monitors the medication Heparin (APPT - activated partial thromboplastin test

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11
Q

Extrinsic pathway

A

Pertains to the blood outside of the vessels. PT (prothrombin test) given to make sure medication is working (Coumadin)

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12
Q

DIC

A

Disseminated intravascular. Blood no longer clots in a timely fashion

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13
Q

BTT

A

(Bleeding time test). Is done to determine how long hemostasis takes. Bleeding time is 2-10min

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14
Q

Capillary/dermal puncture

A

Preferred method for children 2yr and under. If under 1yr use heel. Over a 1yr use finger. Always warm heel of infants prior to increase blood flow up to 7x . Puncture between 1/2 digit or 4/5 digit never puncture deeper than 2.0 mm

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15
Q

Micro tubes

A

Small plastic tubes that is used to collect small amount of blood for capillary puncture

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16
Q

Capillary method

A

Can be used on elderly pt’s for those whose veins may be weak/damaged(chemo pts as well)

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17
Q

Blood cultures

A

Are not recommended using dermal puncture method

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18
Q

Order of draw for capillary puncture

A
  1. CBG(capillary blood gas)
  2. EDTA
  3. Other additives
  4. Serum
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19
Q

Sectioning the skin

A

Skin should be warm,pink,normal in color,no scars,cuts,bruises,rashes,cyanosis, edema or infection

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20
Q

Bilirubin test

A

Deals with liver, causes jaundice, use a special microlight filtered tube or wrap an aluminum foil prior to drawing blood. Same apply for venipuncture (amber color tubes)

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21
Q

Main test for newborn screening test

A
  1. PKU(phenylketonuria) cause mental retardation of high
    2, galactose - make sure body can break down galactose
    3, cystic fibrosis - building up of secretions to form on organs
  2. Hypothyroidism- low thyroid
  3. Sickle cells - cause RBC to have abnormal shape that doesn’t hold correct amount of oxygen
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22
Q

Newborn screening test

A
  1. Done using capillary puncture
  2. Filtered card is used card is applied to drop of blood so that circle can be completely filled let card dry air dry 3 hours before putting In envelope
  3. Done between 1-3 days life if not you have up to 2 weeks of
    Life
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23
Q

FUO

A

Fever of unknown - the main reason Blood cultures are done to determine what type of infection Pt has

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24
Q

Puncturing to far can cause

A

Osteomyelitis - inflammation of the bone

Osteochronditis - inflammation of the bone and cartilage

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25
Q

4 steps of Hemostasis

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Platelets plug formation
    3,Fibrin clot
  3. Fibrinolysis
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26
Q

Vessels

A

Refer to the arteries, veins and capillaries

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27
Q

CLIA 88

A

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment- it was established to assure that labs receive federal funds across the board regardless to the size, type or location

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28
Q

NHA

A

National Healthcare Association

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29
Q

JACHO

A

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Organization- Requires 3 steps of Pt indentification

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30
Q

WBCS
MAIN JOB?
AMOUNT OF ?

A

1,To fight infection

2. We have 5,000 - 10000 per cubic ml

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31
Q

ACA

A

American Certification Agency

32
Q

3 Reason you dont get blood while drawing blood

A

1, Not going far enough into vein

  1. Going through the vein
  2. Bevel of needle against the vein wall (bevel up always)
33
Q

Petechiae

A

Red raised spots on the arm - broken cappilaries cause by tying the tourniquet to tight

34
Q

Fistula (shunt)

A

A device that is surgically implanted between the artery and vein and is used for dialysis

35
Q

Random UA

A

Can be done at anytime and no special instruction

36
Q

Midstream/cleaning catch UA

A

Give pt antiseptic wipe and a cup have them wipe front to back begin urinating the stop place cup under area begin urinating again into cup stop remove cup

37
Q

24 hour UA

A

2 jugs are giving to Pt instructed to get a cooler urine must be kept cold (urine bad after 1 hr if not refrigerated) Pt begins in the am(next day) 1st urine of the day mark time then discard then place hat hat in toilet the urinated hat and place urine in jugs every time no BM or tissue

38
Q

Double Void Urine

A

2 cups marked A and B tell pt to drink water urinate in cup A then wait 30 min and then urinate into cup B if both are obtained then send cup B to lab if not send cup A

39
Q

Suprapubic Specimen

A

a sterile needle with syringe is inserted directly into bladder for UA sample

40
Q

POCT

A

Point of care test ex glucose

41
Q

19 - 21 g

A

is the most common gauge needle use(range) 21 is the most common #

42
Q

16 -18 g

A

most common gauge for blood banks 16g is the largest used in phlobotomy

43
Q

23g /25g

A

23 g is the most common butterfly

25 g is the most common used in peds

44
Q

Butterfly/winged needle

A

infusion needle

45
Q

3 steps of Pt identification

A

1, introduce your self (name/title)
2. ask pt state name(first and last) DOB
3 compare the info given to requisition sheet/id band

46
Q

What not to do in a hospital about blood draw

A

if pt doesnt have wrist band(check ankle to) do not draw blood

47
Q

Implied consent

A

is given when pt extends arm for blood draw

48
Q

informed consent

A

all the risk involved in procedure has been explained and pt signed consent

49
Q

Signed consent form

A

gives written permission for procedure to be done

50
Q

10 credits(CEU)

A

Continuing educational units- credits required to maintain each certification every 2 yrs

51
Q

AMT

A

American Medical Technologist

52
Q

Steps of a strep test

A
  1. 4 drops of yellow and red in tube
  2. swab the throat
  3. put in the vial swirl 10x
  4. squeeze liquid out
  5. then put in test strip in for 1-3 ,min then check
53
Q

Main components of blood

A

RBC,WBC, platelets, serum, plasma

54
Q

Average amount of blood

A

5-6 liters
men 5-6 liters
women 4-6 liters

55
Q

Main job of RBC

A

carry oxygen and nutrients through the out the body

56
Q

RBC

A

erythrocytes

57
Q

Heart structure

A

r/l atrium r/l ventricle septum divides into left/right

58
Q

antecubital space

A

the crease directly in front of the elbow used for drawing blood all major veins for drawing are here

59
Q

pericardium

A

is the outer sac that covers the heart and filled w//liquid to protect the heart

60
Q

Platelets plug formation

A

Platelets adhere to one another to create plug

61
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

last stage the clot is destroyed

62
Q

DVT

A

Deep vein thrombosis blood clot that forms in a larger vein in the leg

63
Q

laterogenic anemia

A

cause by removing to much blood from infants at once all blood taking from infants must be logged

64
Q

1st drop of blood

A

always wipe the 1st drop of blood it is considered contaminated w/alcohol and skin tissue

65
Q

3 ways Hemolysis can occur

A
  1. not allowing the alcohol to dry
  2. shaking tube
  3. using a gauge needle that is to small for vein
66
Q

2 reason that you can not get blood prior to drawing blood

A
  1. Manufacturer defect
  2. crack in the ets tube
  3. expired ets tube
67
Q

6 different types of UA

A
  1. random
  2. 1st morning void
  3. midstream.clean catch
    4.double voided urine
  4. suprapubic specium
    6 24 hour
68
Q

needle point

A

allows the needle to smoothly enter the skin

69
Q

bevel

A

the larger than the number the smaller the gauge(diameter) the opening at the end of the needle
bevel is the gauge

70
Q

ph level of blood

A

7.35 -7.45

71
Q

platelets

  1. main job?
  2. lives?
A

Aka thrombocytes
1/. helps blood clot
2. lives up to 10 days

72
Q

serum

A

is the unclotted portion of blood after it has set for 30 - 60 min

73
Q

what happens to blood in centifuged

A

separates into plasma buffy coat(wbc,platelets) rbc

74
Q

Fibrin clot0

A

more stable clot

75
Q

Lancet

A

a sterile blade that is used to puncture the skin

76
Q

finger prick

A

use middle finger or ring finger only use medial point not to close to tip or side do not milk pump only

77
Q

3/40

A

most common length used in a butterfly needle

Phlebotomy (1 decks)

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