3rd quiz study guide - chapters 7,8,10 Flashcards
(51 cards)
acute pain
short-term pain
-way of describing pain based on its origin
definitions of pain
-The fundamentally psychological experience of a sense of discomfort related to tissue injury/damage
-Nociception-nociceptors + subjective psychological experience
nociception
-the activation of specialized nerve fibers and receptors (nociceptors) in response to noxious or harmful stimuli
-The nociceptors signal the occurrence of tissue damage, but this does not always lead to the experience of pain, which involves subjective psychological processing as well
-When our bodies detect a noxious stimulus, the autonomic nervous system jumps into action and the heart beats faster, blood pressure rises, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis is activated
chronic pain
long-term pain
-way of describing pain based on its duration
-pain lasts longer than 3-6 months
-can develop from an episode of acute pain
-effective treatment should have psychology as a cornerstone component
neuropathic pain
pure nociception without significant psychological pain
-way of describing pain based on its origin
psychogenic pain
psychological pain without a physiological basis
-way of describing pain based on its origin
somatic pain
physiological pain without specific tissue damage
-way of describing pain based on its origin
vital sign
-one of the 5 basic measurements that doctors get from patients
-most hospitals in North America consider pain to be a vital sign
diathesis stress model
-Flor, Birbaumer, and Turk (1990)
-predisposing factors, such as a reduced threshold of nociception, precipitating stimuli, such as an injury, and maintaining processes, such as the expectation that the pain will persist, are all important in explaining pain
measures of pain
-basic scales
-interviews
-pictorial measures
-The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)
-The Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI)
-The Short Form with 36 Questions (SF-36)
-Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA)
-simply just observing behavior
physiological pain management techniques
-chemical (ibuprofen, acetaminophen, aspirin, morphine, etc.)
-stimulation (acupuncture, surgical electrical nerve transmission, stimulation-produced analgesia
psychological pain management techniques
-self-regulation (biofeedback, relaxation, meditation, guided imagery)
-other (hypnosis, distraction, long-term self management)
chronic pain techniques
-The management of chronic pain often calls for additional techniques. The most common are self-management programs for pain in which patients are empowered to control their experiences to alleviate their pain
intention
-a person’s subjective probability that he or she will perform the behavior in question
-It is essentially an estimate of the probability of your doing something
-major component of theory of planned behavior
-behavior, as a result of intention, is determined by attitude toward the action, subjective norms about the action, perceived control/self-efficacy
efficacy vs effectiveness
-effectiveness - in the real world; performance under real-world circumstances
-efficacy - in the research environment; performance of intervention under controlled and ideal circumstances
healthy people 2030
-most important health behaviors established as leading health indicators
-science-based, national 10-year objectives for promoting health and preventing disease
-effort to increase quality of life and eliminate health disparities
behavioral intervention
-aimed to stop or prevent behaviors that harm health
-intervention development should have clear connection to a theoretical model
-ecological level of intervention should match desired outcome
normative beliefs
-affect the social context that supports a given behavior, and is thus a predictor of intention
self-efficacy
-belief that you control a behavior and the outcome
-component of what drives intention
theory of planned behavior
-focus on intention
-things you want to do/plan - a more prescriptive model
-measurements take into account: Specific activity, action, environmental context, and timeframe
-predictors of intention include attitude about behavior, the social context that supports this behavior, and locus of control/self-efficacy
health belief model
-emphasizes how we have beliefs about behaviors and how they affect our well-being
-beliefs can be observed/learned
-part of value-expectancy theory
-main components: belief in threat + belief in effectiveness of behavior
-for this model to work, person has to believe that they are at risk for of a negative health outcome
health action process approach
-builds on theory of planned behavior and the health belief model
-two phases: decision + action
-pays attention to barriers + resources that underly action
transtheoretical model
-6 stages:
-1. pre-contemplation: not aware of problem / no intention to change
-2. contemplation: aware, but hasn’t done anything yet, cost-benefit analysis
-3. preparation: intention to change, gathers supplies and makes plan
4. action: engage in behavior change
To count as action, it must have outcome above threshold associated with better health
5. maintenance: continued attention to change in behavior but with less effort or focus if action goal status persists,
Attention to triggers for relapse of unwanted behavior
6. termination: rarely achieved, no longer attempted to engage in unwanted behavior or reduce level of wanted behavior, goal completed with no additional effort, less common in some goals vs others
Less than 20% of people reach this phase
what is a health behavior
-a thing you do that improves or worsens health status
-something that you have some control over, to a certain extent
-observable and measurable
