3rd Quarter Flashcards
1
Q
This happens when you simply accepts the things you are told without examining them. It also happens when you construct thoughts based on emotions. It also leads the people to jump to conclusions without proof or evidence
A
Non-critical thinking
2
Q
Involves a series of complex thoughts processes which allow you to make reasoned judgement, asses the way you think and solve problems effectively
A
Critical thinking
3
Q
Level of thinking old and new
A
- evaluation
- synthesis
- analysis
- application
- comprehension
- knowledge
New:
- creating
- evaluating
- analysing
- applying
- understanding
- remembering
4
Q
Level of thinking According to Benjamin Bloom in 1956:
A
Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation
5
Q
These are considered as the Higher order thinking skills
A
Analysing
Evaluating
Creating
6
Q
Reading Process:
A
Pre reading stage
Reading stage
Post reading stage
7
Q
Drawing on your background knowledge by looking at the title. It also aims to induce the readers motivation to read and to activate their schema or background knowledge.
A
Pre reading stage
8
Q
Activities done during pre writing stage
A
Previewing Free writing Surveying Questioning Making assumptions Identifying the purpose
9
Q
You may reread the text until you fully understand its meaning
A
While reading stage
10
Q
Specific skills include in while reading stage
A
Getting the meaning of words using context clues Predicting Inferencing Monitoring comprehension Annotating the text Reflecting
11
Q
To check your understanding of the text
A
Post reading stage
12
Q
Skills included in post reading stage
A
Reflecting Summarising Paraphrasing Drawing conclusion Making graphic organizer Journal writing
13
Q
Basic reading skills
A
Rapid reading Previewing Literal reading Inferential reading Critical reading
14
Q
Aims to locate specific information or main idea in a very short span of time
A
Rapid reading
15
Q
Under rapid reading
A
Skimming
Locating the main idea
Scanning
16
Q
Getting an overview of the paragraph and state its main idea.
It is to get the general idea by reading through the text quickly.
It usually done when reading magazines, newspapers and journals
A
Skimming
17
Q
It involves identification of the central message of a reading solution
A
Locating main idea
18
Q
A quick reading strategy which aims to get specific information from a given text
A
Scanning
19
Q
A skill wherein a reader looks over a material and focuses on the information he finds relevant. It also allows readers to set the purpose and link the content of materials to their background knowledge
A
Previewing
20
Q
Involves the understanding of ideas and facts that are directly stated in printed materials
A
Literal reading
21
Q
Under literal reading
A
Summarising
Paraphrasing
22
Q
A reading skills that involves condensing the lengthy text into a shorter passage which is usually 15-20 percent of the source material
A
Summarising
23
Q
Involves relating ideas from the original text.
A
Paraphrasing
24
Q
Refers to the process of deducing facts and ideas not directly expressed in the text. Also known as reading between the lines
A
Inferential reading
25
Is an idea drown from facts or details from text
Inference
26
Refers to the close and thorough evaluation of the claims in the text in terms of relevance, validity and logic.
Critical reading
27
Types of reading
Developmental reading
Pleasure reading
Functional reading
Remedial reading
28
A systematic instruction which aims to develop the students reading skill
Developmental reading
29
A more passive type of reading that primarily aims to provide enjoyment and entertainment
Pleasure reading
30
Designed to help student learn basic functional reading ability
Functional reading
31
Aims to correct the effect-of poor teaching and poor learning
Remedial reading
32
Ways in selecting and organizing information
Brainstorming
Graphics organizer
Outline
33
The most popular tool in generating creative and rich ideas. It helps people to establish patterns of ideas, develop new ways of thinking, active background knowledge and avoid mental block
Brainstorming
34
Method in brainstorming
Creating an idea list
Making an idea map
35
Simply involves listing of ideas about a particular topic
Creating an idea list
36
A visual representation of ideas and their connection with one another.
Making an idea map
37
Are visual representation of concepts that help us structure information into organizational patter. They present essential information and connect these pieces of information into a coherent frameworks
Graphic organizers
38
Types of graphic organizers
Venn diagram
Network tree
Spider map
Problem solutions map
Timeline
Plot diagram
Series of event chain
Fishbone map
Cycle
Persuasion map
39
Used to shoe logical sequence of events
Series of event chain
40
Used to better understand the connection of complex phenomenon. It shows the factors that causes a specific event or problem as well as details of each causes
Fishbone map
41
Describes how a series of events interact to produce a set of results repeatedly
Cycle
42
Is used to map out arguments, and evidence to prove a viewpoint. This map is especially useful when processing persuasive or argumentative text
Persuasion map
43
Used to compare and contrast ideas and events.
Venn diagram
44
Used to represent hierarchy, classification and branching. It is useful in showing relationship of scientific categories, family trees and even lineages
Network tree
45
Also known as semantic map.
| Used to investigate and enumerate various aspects of central idea which could be a concept, topic or theme
Spider map
46
Displays the nature of the problem and how it can be solved.
| This map usually contains the problem description, its causes and effects and logical solutions
Problem solution map
47
Used to show how events occured chronologically through a long bar labelled with dates and specific events can be a linear(how event happened in one period) or comparative (two set of events within same period)
Timeline
48
A tool used to map events in a story. It is used to analyze the major parts of the plot
Plot diagram
49
Is the initial part where the characters settings and relationship are established
Exposition
50
The part which brings about the change or the conflict
Inciting moment
51
The section where the conflict and the characters are developed
Rising action
52
The highest point of the story where the major events are confronted
Climax
53
The event immediately following the climax which lead to the closure of the conflict
Falling action
54
The conclusion or the closure of the story
Resolution
55
A tool for organizing ideas
Outline
56
2 kinds of outline
Decimal outline
Alphanumeric outline
57
Principles in writing an outline
Coordination
Subordination
Division
Parallel construction
58
Requires ideas of the same relevance to be labeled in the same way
Coordination
59
Shows that minor details have to be placed under their respective major details
Subordination
60
Requires that no cluster should contain only one item
Division
61
Requires all entries in each cluster to use the same structure and format
Parallel construction
62
Kinds of outline according to structure
Topic outline
Sentenced outline
63
An outline that uses words and phrases as its entries
Topic outline
64
A kind of outline that Uses complete sentence as its entries. It is used when the topic being discussed is complicated and requires details
Sentenced outline
65
The logical arrangement of ideas
Patterns of development
66
Patterns of development
Definition
Exemplification
Description(sensory or spatial)
Chronology/procedure
Listing
Comparison/contrast
Classification and division
Cause and effect
Problem solution
Persuasion
67
Helps to clarify and explains concepts by answering the question what does it mean?
Definition
68
It presents the general statement and then provides specific and concrete examples to expound on the main idea
Exemplification
69
A descriptive pattern basically provides details on the idea by using either a sensory or spatial pattern
Description (sensory or spatial)
70
Organizes ideas or events according to time. It can either be in the form of narration or a process
Chronology or procedure
71
Organizes ideas or enumeration
Listing
72
Organizes ideas based on how events places people things and concepts are similar to or different from one another
Comparison contrast
73
This pattern can be used on the cause the reason and the result or consequences of a certain phenomenon
Cause and effect
74
Organizes ideas into problems and proposed solutions
Problem solution
75
Organizes ideas to show how a set of evidence leads to a logical conclusion or argument. Specifically this pattern presents the issue the position and the supporting evidence that supports the position
Persuasion
76
3 types of claims
Claim of facts
Claim of policy
Claim of value
77
This claim is an argument about a quantible topic
Claim of fact
78
A claim that argues whether something is good or bad
Claim of value
79
A claim is an argument which asserts the implementation of a certain policy
Claim of policy
80
Are errors in reasoning that invalidate an argument
Logical fallacies
81
Occurs when an arguer present his argument as one of only two points despite the presence of multiple possibilities
False dilemma
82
Occurs when something is instantly concluded to be true just because it is not proven to be false and vice versa
Appeal to ignorance
83
Occurs when a series increasingly superficial and unacceptable consequences is drawn
Slippery slope
84
Occurs when 2 or more points are rolled into one and the reader is expected to either accept or reject both at the same time when one point may be satisfactory while the other is not
Complex question
85
Occurs when a threat instead of reasoning is used to argue
Appeal to force
86
Occurs when the element of pity is used instead of logical reasoning
Appeal to pity
87
Occurs when an unpleasant consequences of believing something are pointed out to show that the belief is false
Appeal to consequences
88
Occurs when an argument quotes an expert who is not qualified in the particular subject matter
Appeal to authoriy
89
The authority in question is not mentioned or named
Anonymous authority
90
Occurs when a writer assumes that 2 concepts that are similar in some ways are also similar in other ways
False analogy
91
Occurs when a general rule is applied to a situation even when it should be an exception
Accident
92
Occurs when the arguer claims that since event A happened before event B, A is the cause of B
Post hoc
93
Occurs when the direction between cause and effect is reversed
Wrong direction
94
Occurs when the explanation for an event is reduced to one thing when there are other factors which also contributed to the event
Complex cause
95
Occurs when an argument which is supposed to prove something concludes something else Instead
Irrelevant conclusion
96
Occurs when the position of the opposition is twisted so that it is easier to refute
Straw man
97
Any argument of the form if A is a true then B is true if B is true then A is true
Affirming to consequent
98
Any argument of the form if A is true then B is true if A is not true then be is not true
Denying the antecedent
99
Occurs when arguments contradict one another
Inconsistency
100
A group of interrelated sentences that talk about one main idea
Paragraph
101
A group of paragraph that talk about one central idea.
Essay
102
3 major parts of paragraph
Topic sentence
Supporting details
Closing sentence
103
Central idea of the paragraph
Topic sentence
104
Sentence that clearly and prove the main idea
Supporting details
105
Concludes the details that have been presented
Closing sentences
106
Transitional devices pronouns etc.
Cohesive devices
107
3 general parts of an essay
Introduction
Transitional paragraph
Body
Conclusion
108
A lead or attention getter is the first statement in the essay which aims to hook the readers attention
Introduction
109
The sentence that links the lead to the thesis statement
Transitional statement
110
It states the main idea or argument of the essay
Thesis statement
111
A paragraph that does not directly provide support to a thesis statement. Its major function is to bridge one paragraph to another
Transitional paragraph
112
It is the meat of the essay. It discusses the thesis statement in detail through its paragraph. This is where the topic develop
Body
113
The concluding paragraphs begins with the restatement of the thesis statement using a different structure and wording to uphold the language style. This is followed by transitional statement that talks about recommendation benefits of ideas presented or purpose of writing essay.
Conclusion
114
Is used to wrap up the essay
Closing statement
115
Properties of a well written text
Unity
Coherence and cohesion
Organization
Language use
116
It is achieved when is a composition contains one focused idea
Unity
117
The connection of ideas at the sentence level
Cohesion
118
Occurs when ideas are connected at the conceptual or idea level. It can be seen through well defined arguments and organized points
Coherence
119
It is achieved when ideas are logically and accurately arranged.
Organization
120
Is one of the clearest indication of a well written text
Language use
121
Principles in writing
Use clear and concise sentences
Avoid redundancies, wordiness, and high faulting language
Use precise vocabulary
Avoid sexist language
Use the appropriate level of formality
122
The technical aspects of writing
Mechanics
123
Is the central idea of a multiple paragraph composition. Is a one sentence summary that guide controls and unifies ideas when writing a paper
Thesis statement
124
How to write an effective thesis statement
It should not state an absolute fact
It should not be too narrow nor broad
Avoid an awkward thesis statement
125
It guides controls and unifies ideas in a paragraph. It develops one argument of thesis statement. It can be EXPLICITY (it can be place in four different locations) or IMPLICITY (is not directly seen in a paragraph. It is up to the reader to deduce what the topic sentence is)
Topic sentence
126
Tips in writing an effective topic sentence
It should follow the basics that have been discussed in Thesis Statement
It should vary on the structure across paragraphs
It should contain one detail which is related to one of the details in Thesis statement
If the composition is just one paragraph, the topic sentence should be straight forward
127
These details are pieces of information necessary to better understand the main idea
Supporting details
128
The writing process
Preparation
Modelling
Generating ideas
Focusing in a topic
Organizing ideas
Drafting
Feedback
Revising
Editing
Publishing
129
During this stage you have to establish first your purpose
Preparation
130
Is the process by which you the writer look at different works which are similar in nature with the paper you are about to write
Modelling
131
To come up with ideas you can do any of these prewriting activities brainstorming, free writing and clustering
Generating ideas
132
At this stage you need to focus on the content and organization not on the grammar and mechanics
Drafting
133
Is an important component of the writing process. It is a response to the written word which focuses in all aspects of writing
Feedback
134
Is the act of improving the original paper by applying changes based on the feedback
Revising
135
The finishing stage of writing
Editing
136
After exerting effort in writing a good paper you have to showcase your work to other people
Publishing
137
Components of academic and professional writing
Context
Message
Language
Purpose
Audience
Product
138
Refers to the situation where professional writing performed
Context
139
Refers to the content of document. It includes the main topic and the details that support it
Message
140
Refers to the channel used to convey the message
Language
141
Is the reason or motion that you have when communicating
Purpose
142
Is the receiver of the message
Audience
143
Refers to the output that you intended to produce after considering all the components
Product
144
Is a type of writing produced by a student in academic setting
Academic writng
145
General tip in writing academic writing
Follow the basic in writing process
Avoid using imperative tone
Use quotation sparingly
Be consistent with the type of english used
Plan wisely
146
Any type of written communications done specifically in a professional context
Professional writing
147
General tips in writing professional writing
Follow the basic of writing process
Anticipate the readers beliefs values and motivations in writing persuasive document
Avoid excessive font effects
Be consistent with the type of english used
Adjust your language based on your relationship with the receiver of the document
