3rd QUARTER 21ST REVIEWER Flashcards
TIMELINE OF LITERATURE
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (__B.C. to 1564)
THE SPANISH REGIME (1565-1863)
THE NATIONALISTIC PERIOD (1864-1896)
THE UNITED STATES COLONIAL RULE (1910-1930, 1920-1945)
THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION (1942-1944
THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD (1960- PRESENT)
Owing to the works of our own archaeologists, ethnologists, and anthropologists, we are able to know more and better judge information about our pre-colonial times set against a bulk of material about early Filipinos as recorded by Spanish, Chinese, Arabic, and other chroniclers of the past.
Long before the Spaniards came to the Philippines, Filipinos had a civilization of their own. This civilization partly came from the Malay settlers and partly from their response to the new environment. Most of the customs and these traditions, government, and way of life have come down to the present day, despite the changes brought about by Westernization and modernization. The pre-colonial inhabitants of our islands showcase a rich past through their folk speeches, folk songs, folk narratives, indigenous rituals, and mimetic dances that affirm our ties with our Southeast Asian neighbors.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (__B.C. to 1564)
Owing to the works of our own (1) ________, (2)_______, (3)______, we are able to(4) _____ more and better (5)______ information about our (6) _______ times set against a bulk of material about (7) _____ Filipinos as recorded by (8)_____, (9) _____, (10) _______, and other chroniclers of the past.
1.archaeologists
2. ethnologists
3. anthropologists
4. know
5. judge,
6. Pre-colonial
7. Early
8. Spanish
9. Chinese
10. Arabic
Long before the (1)_____ came to the Philippines, Filipinos had a (2)_____ of their own. This civilization partly came from the (3) ______ and partly from their response to the new environment. Most of the customs and these traditions, government, and way of life have come down to the present day, despite the changes brought about by Westernization and modernization. The pre-colonial inhabitants of our islands showcase a rich past through their folk speeches, folk songs, folk narratives, indigenous rituals, and mimetic dances that affirm our ties with our Southeast Asian neighbors.
- Spaniards
- Civilization
- Malay settlers
While it is true that Spain subjugated the Philippines for more mundane reasons, this former European power contributed much to the shaping and recording of our literature. Religion and institutions that represented European civilization enriched the languages in the lowlands and introduced theatre, which we would come to know as komedya, the senakulo, the sarswela, the playlets, and the drama. Spain also brought to the country, though at a much later time, liberal ideas and an internationalism that influenced our own Filipino intellectuals and writers to understand the meanings of “liberty and freedom.”
THE SPANISH REGIME (1565-1863)
While it is true that Spain subjugated the Philippines for more mundane reasons, this former European power contributed much to the shaping and recording of our (1) _____. Religion and institutions that represented European civilization enriched the (2)______ in the lowlands and introduced (3) ______, which we would come to know as (4)____, (5)______, (6)_______, (7)_______, and (8)_____. Spain also brought to the country, though at a much later time, liberal ideas and an internationalism that influenced our own Filipino intellectuals and writers to understand the meanings of “(9)______ and (10) ______.”
- Literature
- Languages
- Theater
- Komedya
- the senakulo
- The sarswela
- The playlets
- The drama
- Liberty
- Freedom
Characteristics of THE NATIONALISTIC PERIOD (1864-1896)
- Planted seeds of nationalism in Filipinos
- The language shifted from Spanish to Tagalog
- Addressed the masses instead of the “intelligentsia”
A new set of colonizers brought about new changes in Philippine literature. New literary forms such as free verse [in poetry], the modern short story, and the critical essay were introduced. American influence was deeply entrenched with the firm establishment of English as the medium of instruction in all schools and with literary modernism that highlighted the writer’s individuality and cultivated a consciousness of craft, sometimes at the expense of social consciousness.
THE UNITED STATES COLONIAL RULE (1910-1930, 1920-1945)
New literary forms during US colonial rule
- free verse [in poetry]
- modern short story
- critical essay
Literature (in three languages) flourished (reading, writing, and speaking)
- US COLONIAL RULE
⮚ Spanish
⮚ English
⮚ Filipino
US colonial rule is divided into 2 period
- The Period of Apprenticeship
- The Period of Emergence
During this occupation, publications were censored by the military. Also, Tagalog was declared an official language (together with Nihonggo). In effect, Philippine literature in English came to a halt. Some Filipino writers then turned to writing in Filipino. The Tagalog short story reached maturity during this period.
THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION (1942-1944
Kailan dineclare ang tagalog at nihonggo as official language?
During japanese occupation
Ano ang official language during japanese occupation?
Tagalog and nihonggo (japanese)
Ano ang ipinagbawal o ipinatgil during japanese occupation?
English
The Tagalog _______ reached _______ during this period. (Japanese occupation)
Short story, maturity
The flowering of Philippine literature in various languages continues, especially with the appearance of new publications after the Martial Law years and the resurgence of committed literature in the 1960s and 1970s. Filipino writers continue to write poetry, short stories, novellas, novels, and essays, whether these are socially committed, gender/ethnic-related, or personal in intention or not.
THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD (1960- PRESENT)
The contemporary Period is classified into two categories:
I. POST EDSA LITERATURE (1986- ____)
II. 21st Century Literature (2001- present)
There is an emerging critical orientation that draws its concerns and insights from literary theorizing current in England and the United States. Post-EDSA publishing has been marked by adventurousness and a willingness to gamble on “non-traditional” projects. The declining prestige of New Criticism, whose rigorous aesthetic norms previously functioned as a Procrustean bed on which Filipino authors and their works were measured, has opened a gap in the critical evaluation of literary works. Post-EDSA publishing has been marked by adventurousness, and a willingness to gamble on “non-traditional’ projects.
POST EDSA LITERATURE
_______ publishing has been marked by adventurousness and a willingness to gamble on “non-traditional” projects. The declining prestige of New Criticism, whose rigorous aesthetic norms previously functioned as a Procrustean bed on which Filipino authors and their works were measured, has opened a gap in the critical evaluation of literary works.
Post-EDSA
The _______ refers to world literature in prose produced during the 21st century. The range of years is literature written from (roughly) the year 2001 to the present. There are a lot of literary innovations that are adapted and created by Filipinos. Nowadays, even those who do not have any significant literary background make their own way using the freedom that they have to write and express themselves. There are a lot of new insights from the basic genres of literature, thus proving how far the literature in the Philippines has gone and how far it will go from here. Philippine writing in the 21st century has taken a new turn. The works are seen as sensitive to gender, allude to technology, show culture as plural rather than singular, and question conventions and supposedly absolute norms.
II. 21st Century Literature (2001- present)
has been marked by adventurousness, and a willingness to gamble on “non-traditional’ projects.
Post-EDSA
- world literature in prose
- those who do not have any significant literary background make their own way using the freedom that they have to write and express themselves
- The works are seen as sensitive to gender, allude to technology, show culture as plural rather than singular, and question conventions and supposedly absolute norms.
21st Century
- Filipinos had a civilization of their own.
- This civilization partly came from the Malay settlers and partly from their response to the new environment.
The pre-colonial inhabitants of our islands showcase a rich past through their folk speeches, folk songs, folk narratives, indigenous rituals, and mimetic dances that affirm our ties with our Southeast Asian neighbors.
Pre-colonial period
- contributed much to the shaping and recording of our literature.
- theater
- komedya, the senakulo, the sarswela, the playlets, and the drama.
- they brought LIBERAL IDEAS and an INTERNATIONALISM
- “liberty and freedom.”
The spanish regime
CANONICAL AUTHORS
Bienvenido L. Lumbera (Region 4A-CALABARZON, born 1932)
Roberto “Bob” Ong.
PETER SOLIS NERY.
ANTHONY L. TAN.
Filipino poet, critic and dramatist. He is a National Artist of the Philippines and a recipient of the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature, and Creative Communications.He won numerous literary awards, including the National Book Foundation’s National Book Award and the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards. Lumbera was born in Lipa on April 11, 1932. Lumbera received his Litt.B. and M.A. degrees from the University of Santo Tomas in 1950, and then his Ph.D. in Comparative Literature from Indiana University in 1968. Lumbera is now widely acknowledged as one of the pillars of contemporary Philippine literature, cultural studies, and film, having written and edited numerous books on literary history, literary criticism, and film.
Bienvenido L. Lumbera (Region 4A-CALABARZON, born 1932)
- recipient of the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature, and Creative Communications.
- National Book Foundation’s National Book Award
- Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards.
- one of the pillars of contemporary Philippine literature, cultural studies, and film,
Bienvenido L. Lumbera
- actual name and identity is unknown.
- contemporary Filipino author
born in February 1975 in Quezon City. - pseudonym “Bob Ong”
- conversational writing technique which creates humorous and reflective depictions of Philippine life.
- ABNKKBSNPLAko?!, Bakit Baligtad Magbasa ng Libro ang mga Pilipino, and Alamat ng Gubat to name a few.
- widely known for his conversational and humorous writing style which often depicts Filipino cultures.
Roberto “Bob” Ong.
- actual name and identity is unknown.
- pseudonym “Bob Ong”
- ABNKKBSNPLAko?!
- Bakit Baligtad Magbasa ng Libro ang mga Pilipino
- Alamat ng Gubat
- known for his conversational and humorous writing style which often depicts Filipino cultures.
Roberto “Bob” Ong.
- Hiligaynon pride from Iloilo
- award-winning Filipino poet, fictionist, and of various books
- recipient of multiple awards from the Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature, the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) Literary Grand, and the All-Western Visayas Literary Contest of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA).
- collection of poems Umanhon nga Gugma (Love of the Rural Folks), Hiligaynon short story “Lirio” and screenplay “Buyong”.
PETER SOLIS NERY.
- born in Siasi, Sulu
- writings have been appearing locally and internationally in magazines, journals, and anthologies.
- poet, essayist, and fictionist
- author of The Bajao Cemetery and Other Poems and Poems for Muddas.
- received multiple awards from Don Carlos Palanca for his poetry and essay.
ANTHONY L. TAN
Taglish Hanggang Saan?
Bienvenido L. Lumbera
ABNKKBSNPLAko?!
Bob Ong
- also called cyber poetry
– Refers to works of verse (although not necessarily in lines and stanzas) which could not be presented without the computer.
HYPERPOETRY
Entire poems are written and read on mobile phones.
TEXTULA
Some illustrated novels may contain no text at all
ILLUSTRATED OR GRAPHIC NOVELS
Is a literary experience that combines three media: book, movie/video, and internet website.
DIGI-FICTION
a style of writing which involves producing very short pieces of fictional literature.
FLASH FICTION
A literary presentation where the author incorporates doodle drawings and hand written graphics in place of traditional font.
DOODLE FICTION
ELEMENTS OF FICTION
A. CHARACTERS
B. SETTING
C. CONFLICT
D. PLOT
E. THEMES
F. SYMBOLISM
are the representation of human beings.
CHARACTERS
the locale (place) or period (time) in which the action takes place (also known as the background of the story)
SETTING
- the struggle or complication
- involving the characters, the opposition of persons or forces upon which the action depends in drama or fiction.
CONFLICT
a casually related sequence of events; what happens as a result of the main conflict is presented in a structured format; the sequence of events which involves the character in conflict. (Beginning, Middle, Ending)
PLOT
the sequence of events
Narrative order
