3RD QUARTER Flashcards
a piece of written or printed work/material
TEXT
text with distinct feature and purpose.
discourse
what are the purpose of discourse?
to inform
to persuade
to entertain
Give facts, instructions and directions
ex: Textbook, newspaper, research journal
to inform
shows an appeal to reader’s emotion
ex: essay, advertisements, speech
TO PERSUADE
to give amusement or enjoyment
ex: novels, comicbooks
TO ENTERTAIN
what are the types of discourse?
narration
description
exposition
argumentation
tells a story and is used to communicate a sequence of events.
Narration
type of writing or speech that is used to convey details about a person, place, thing, or event.
Description
a type of communication that is used to explain, inform, or describe a topic or issue.
Exposition
form of communication that consists of making an argument in order to persuade or convince the listener or reader.
Argumentation
made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion.
TEXT
made up of utterances having the property of coherence
DISCOURSE
what are the techniques in selecting and organizing information?
brainstorming list
graphic organizer
topic outline
sentence outline
a process of writing down specific topics/ideas gathered from different sources
BRAINSTORMING
five strategies in brainstorming
cubing
freewriting
listing
mapping
researching
an idea is examined from six distinction viewpoints.
CUBING
Just write- It allows someone to work without inhibitions
FREEWRITING
Just list a topic. Then, make a sub-list of things you could write about each topic.
LISTING
A graphic form of the listing is mapping which is sometimes called webbing or clustering.
MAPPING
You must search from the library or websites and make a list or map of the new ideas. This technique requires you to write the main topic and write down all related concepts below it.
RESEARCHING
uses visual symbols that express thought ideas, knowledge concepts, and the relationships between them.
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
THREE TYPES OF GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
BASIC OUTLINE
VENN DIAGRAM
TOPICAL ORGANIZER
Thesis statement or major idea
basic outline
used when the writer compares and contras the elements.
VENN DIAGRAM
allows the writer to map out their idea.
TOPICAL ORGANIZER
two types of topical organizers
hierarchical topical organizer
bubble topical organizer
sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay. It usually comes near the end of your introduction.
thesis statement
It uses phrases only. There are no sentences. Verbal may be used.
TOPIC OUTLINE
the same as a topic outline except you use complete sentences instead of words or phrases.
SENTENCE OUTLINE
writing refers to particular strategy writers use to develop ideas. It is the logical arrangement of ideas in a text. The pattern helps you follow ideas easily and understand a text better.
Pattern of Development
Presents ideas in logical and consistent structure to manage information in an essay.
Pattern of Paragraph Development
It is the most basic pattern of development. It describes how, when and where an event or occurrence actually happened.
NARRATION
It is the pattern of development which goes into details about a specific object, person, or location, in order to firmly set its appearance.
DESCRIPTION
It explains not just what something means or is, but also what something does, what something is used for.
DEFINITION
A classification pattern organizes ideas into categories or divisions based on criteria and standards.
CLASSIFICATION
This pattern presents the general statement and then provides specific and concrete examples to expound on the main idea.
EXEMPLIFICATION
This pattern organizes ideas based on how events, places, people, things and concepts are similar to or different from one another.
COMPARISON AND CONTAST
This pattern explains why something happens or what results a particular event produces.
CAUSE AND EFFECT
This pattern organizes ideas into problems and proposed solutions. The problem section usually includes the ‘what, who, when, why, and how’ of the problem.
PROBLEM-SOLUTION
A persuasion pattern organizes ideas to show how a set of evidence lead to a logical conclusion or argument.
PERSUASION
Arranging our thoughts to deliver a purposeful message is essential in all forms of communication.
PROPERTIES OF A WELL-WRITTEN TEXT
PROPERTIES OF A WELL-WRITTEN TEXT
ORGANIZATION
COHERENCE AND COHESION
LANGUAGE USE
MECHANICS
Is the way a text is organized that helps to guide the reader logically through it.
TEXT ORGANIZATION
The format is an aspect of the organization that is immediately apparent to the reader. It is seen in how the text physically appears like headings and subheadings, bullet points or font emphasis.
PHYSICAL FORMAT
are textual cues that readers can use to follow a text.
SIGNAL WORDS
provides the framework upon which the text is organized.
STRUCTURE
what consists of a structure
Beginning: introduction, thesis statement
Middle: supporting details
End: conclusion, summary, final message
we mean that every part of a composition must contribute to one main unifying thought,
COHESION
means that the overall text has meaning.
COHERENCE
what links both cohesion and coherence together?
cohesion and coherence is logically sequenced and stays on topic.
refers to the appropriateness of word/vocabulary use. An effective language is specific, concise, familiar, correct and appropriate.
LANGUAGE USE
You have to consider the style, tone and clarity of your writing.
LANGUAGE USE
five major issues that should be avoided in an effective and well-written text
formality of the language
jargons or specialized language
Slangs and idioms should be avoided.
Euphemisms
Avoid using any biased language
words, phrases, or expressions that do not literally mean what they express
Slangs
meaning is different from the meanings of the individual word it contains.
Idioms or expressions
refers to a set of conventions on how to spell, abbreviate, punctuate and capitalize.
mechanics
according to the mechanics what should you consider in writing a well-written text?
SPELLING
PUNCTUATION
CAPITALIZATION
always make sure that you are consistently using one standard with regard to the spelling of your words.
SPELLING
act of using a system of symbols such as the comma, period, quotation marks, question marks, etc.
PUNCTUATION
is the act of writing the first letter of a word in uppercase while the rest of the letters are in lowercase.
Capitalization
