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Science 3rd Quarter > 3rd quarter > Flashcards

3rd quarter Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

connects all your body parts and
transmits signals from one part to another.

A

Nervous System

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2
Q

a system of cells, tissues, and organs that regulates
the body’s responses to internal and external stimuli.

A

Nervous System

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3
Q
  • serves as the
    main processing center for the entire nervous system.
A

Central nervous System(CNS)

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4
Q

CNS consist of ___(number) main components, what is it?

A

2, brain and spinal cord

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5
Q
  • an organ located within the skull that functions as organizer and distributor of information for the body.
A

Brain

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6
Q

large, upperpart of the brain
that controls activity and though

A

Cerebrum

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7
Q

the part under the cerebrum
that controls posture, balance, and

A

Cerebellum

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8
Q

the part that connects the
brain to the spinal cord and controls
automatic functions such as breathing,
digestion, heart rate, and blood pressure.

A

BRAIN STEM

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9
Q

serves as a channel for signals between the brain and the rest of the body, and controls simple
musculoskeletal re exes without input from the brain

A

SPINAL CORD

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10
Q

connects the central nervous system to the organs and limbs. It has
two main divisions

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

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11
Q
  • this system is
    associated with the voluntary control of body
    movements and has two main parts:
A

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYTEM

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12
Q

the nerves that carry motor
and sensory signals between the spinal cord
and the body

A

SPINAL NERVES

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13
Q

– the nerve fibers that carry
information into and out of the brain stem

A

CRANIAL NERVES

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14
Q

This system is
associated with the involuntary control ofbody
movements and has two subdivisions

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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15
Q

it is activated when the
body is in a dynamic role or stress. (e.g.,
increased heart rate and breathing, dilation of
pupil, sweating, etc.)

A

SYMPATHETIC

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16
Q

it maintains body
functions and restores the body to normal or
relaxed mode

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

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17
Q

basic unit of the nervous system is the nerve cell.
Nerve cells are called neurons.

A

THE NERVE CELL

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18
Q

There are twelve to fourteen billions of neurons in
one part of the brain alone.

A

THE NERVE CELL

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19
Q

has a cell body containing the nucleus.
Projecting out from the cell body are root-like
structures. These are the dendrites and axons

A

NEURON

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20
Q

carry impulses towards the cell body.
- cell may have as many as 200 ______carrying
impulses toward the cell body.

A

DENDRITES

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21
Q

carry impulses away from the cell body. It
pass impulses to the dendrites of other neurons or cell
body of muscle cells

A

AXONS

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22
Q

can be grouped together into cable-like
bundles called nerves.

A

AXONS

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23
Q

Neurons are cells with the special ability to carry
signals or impulses.

A

THE NERVE IMPULSE

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24
Q

thoughts, emotions, learning, and many body
functions are carried by nerve impulses in the
neurons.

A

THE NERVE IMPULSE

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25
Q

is a combination of an electrical
charge and a chemical reaction. It is not a flow of
electricity, but an electrochemical signal moving along
a neuron

A

NERVE IMPULSE

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26
Q

cannot jump from one neuron to another

A

NERVE IMPULSE

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27
Q
  • When a nerve impulse comes to the end of an axon, it
    produces the chemical, called neurotransmitter, to
    be released. The chemical crosses the space between
    neurons called synapse and stimulates the nerve
    impulse to start in the next dendrite
A

NERVE IMPULSE

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28
Q

When a nerve impulse comes to the end of an axon, it
produces the chemical, called n________-, to
be released. The chemical crosses the space between
neurons called ________and stimulates the nerve
impulse to start in the next dendrite

A

NEUROTRANSMITTER, SYNAPSE

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29
Q

(plural: stimuli) is any factor in the
environment that may trigger a nerve impulse

A

STIMULUS

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30
Q

is a reaction to a stimulus.

A

RESPONSE

31
Q

A _______ is received by the body and a response is
made. An organism must be able to respond to a
stimulus in order to survive

A

STIMULUS

32
Q

is the length of time between
application of a stimulus and detection of a response.

A

REACTION TIME

33
Q

transmit impulses from the brain
to muscles, glands, or other neurons in the Peripheral
Nervous System (PNS).

A

MOTOR NEURONS

34
Q

transmit impulses from
sensory nerves (receptor cells) to the Central Nervous
System (CNS).

A

SENSORY NEURONS

35
Q

MUTATION MAY INDUCED BY FACTORS CALLED?

A

MUTAGENS

36
Q

MUTATIONS CAN OCCUR IN TWO DIFFERENT TYPE OF CELLS: WHAT IS IT?

A

REPRODUCTICE AND BODY CELLS

37
Q

ONLY MUTATIONS IN SEX CELLS PASS ON TO OFFSPRING
TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

38
Q

IS A PERMANENT CHANGE IN THE DNA SEQUENCE THAT MAKES UP A GENE

A

GENE MUTATION

39
Q

IS WHERE A CHANGE IN A SINGLE BASE PAIR OCCURS.

A

POINT MUTATION

40
Q

USUALLY CAUSED BY AN EXTA COPY OF CHROMOSOME 21- TRISOMY 21

A

DOWN SYNDROME

41
Q

DELETION PART OF THE SHORT ARM OF THE CHROMOSOME 5, MONOSOMY 5

A

CRI DU CHAT

42
Q

CRI DU CHAT IS A _____TERM

A

FRENCH TERM

43
Q

SECOND MOST COMMON TRISOMY, AFTER DOWN’S SYNDROME.

A

EDWARDS SYNDROME

44
Q

ALSO CALLED 11Q TERMINAL DELETIONS DISORDER, MONOSOMY 11

A

JACOBSEN SYNDROME

45
Q

A VERY RARE DISORDER

A

JACOBSEN SYNDROME

46
Q

HAVE XXY CHROMOSOME

A

KLINEFELTERS SYNDROME

47
Q

ONLY HAVE X CHROMOSOME

A

TURNER’S SYNDROME

48
Q

CHROMOSOME ABORNMALITIES CAN BE DETECTED BY?

A

KARYOTYPE

49
Q

MAY REVEAL THE GENDER OF A FETUS OR TEST FOR CERTAIN DEFECTS THROUGH EXAMINATION OF CELLS FROM UTERINE FLUID

A

KARYOTYPE

50
Q

MAY REVEAL THE GENDER OF A FETUS OR TEST FOR CERTAIN DEFECTS THROUGH EXAMINATION OF CELLS FROM UTERINE FLUID

A

KARYOTYPE

51
Q

PRODUCES TRANSGENIC OR GM CROPS OF ORGANISMS

A

GENETIC ENGINEERING

52
Q

DNA FROM TWO DIFFERENT SPECIES ARE JOINED TOGETHER

A

RECOMBINANT DNA

53
Q

THIS PROCESS USES______ENZYMES

A

RESTRICTION ENZYMES

54
Q

THE MRNA CARRIES INFORMATION FROM DNA TO THE ______

A

RIBOSOMES

55
Q

TRNA TRANSLATES THE GENETIC MESSAGE CARRIED BY THE MRNA THROUGH____

A

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

56
Q

rRNA FORMS THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENT OF THE _____-

A

RIBOSOME

57
Q

IT SERVES AS THE SITE FOR ATTACHMENT OF MRNA AND TRNA AND FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

A

RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA)

58
Q

A PERSON WHO STUDIES FOSSILS

A

PALEONTOLOGISTS

59
Q

TRACES OF ORGANISMS THAT LIVED IN THE PASTS

A

FOSSILS

60
Q

THIS IS A METHOD USED TO DETERMINE THE AGE OF THE ROCKS BY COMPARING THEM WITH THE ROCKS IN THE OTHER LAYER

A

RELATIVE DATING

61
Q

A METHOD USED TO DETERMINE THE AGE OF THE ROCKS USING THE DECAY OF RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES PRESENT IN ROCKS.

A

RADIOMETRIC DATING

62
Q

USED TO TELL THE AGE OF ORGANIC MATERIALS. ART COLLECTORS USE __________________ TO DETERMINE IF A PIECE IS GENUINE OR NOT

A

CARBON DATING

63
Q

IT SHOWS THE MAJOR EVENTS IN THE EARTHS HISTORY. IT ALSO SHOWS THE APPEARANCE OF VARIOUS KINDS OF ORGANISMS IN A PARTCULAR PERIOD OF TIME ONE EARTH.

A

GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

64
Q

ERA THAT MEANS “OLD LIFE”

A

PALEOZOIC ERA

65
Q

AGE OF REPTILES

A

MESOZOIC ERA

66
Q

AGE OF MAMMALS

A

CENOZOIC ERA

67
Q

AN ERA THAT STILL OCCURS TODAY

A

CENOZOIC ERA

68
Q

STRUCTURES FROM DIFFERENT SPECIES WHICH HAVE SIMILAR INTERNAL FRAMEWORK.

A

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY

69
Q

HAS DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS BUT SAME ORIGIN

A

HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE

70
Q

HAVE SIMILAR FUNCTIONS BUT DIFFERENT ORIGINS

A

ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE

71
Q

THE FIRST EVOLUTIONIST TO BELIEVE THAT ORGANISMS CHANGE OVER TIME

A

JEAN BAPTISTE LAMARCK

72
Q

IT STATES THAT ORGANISMS CHANGE IN RESPONSE TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT.

A

THEORY OF NEED

73
Q

IT STATES THAT ORGANS NOT IN USE WILL DISAPPEAR WHILE ORGANS IN USE WILL DEVELOP

A

THEORY OF USE AND DISUSE

Science 3rd Quarter (2 decks)

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